数字图像灰度相关性用以描述岩石试件损伤演化的研究
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摘要
岩石试件表面的数字图像可作为试件表面变形或裂纹扩展的信息载体。为从加载过程中记录的数字图像中分析出定量的信息,提出一种新的分析方法:计算两幅图像灰度的相关性,用灰度相关性的分布表征变形和破裂的发展。介绍了图像灰度相关性的计算方法,并用模拟的变形和破裂图像验证了灰度相关性在表征变形与破裂上的有效性,最后用此方法对一个岩石结构加载过程中的图像序列进行分析。结果表明,图像灰度相关性分布的演化与结构的变形局部化演化在空间和时间上都存在对应关系。因此,试件表面数字图像灰度相关性可作为描述岩石材料损伤演化的一种工具。
Damage evolution of rock under loading can be expressed to some extent by the deformation and crack propagation of the specimen surface,which could be observed or analyzed with the digital images recorded from the specimen surface during loading.However,current methods to evaluate deformation from digital images are either qualitative(semi-qualitative) or quantitative,and very complicated computation and special software are demanded(for example,digital speckle correlation method).In this paper,a very simple quantitative analysis method for digital images recorded from loaded rock specimen to evaluate its damage evolution is proposed.To realize the method,a reference image is firstly selected from the series of digital images;and then the gray correlation of all other images is calculated using a pre-defined calculation scheme.When the image coordinate is fixed,the deformation will change the pixel aray,therefore,the correlation will decrease when there is a large deformation.Likewise,intensity of crack position will change sharply because of the existence of new exposure part by crack,then there is a sharp decrease of the gray correlation.Therefore,the distribution of gray correlation will reveal the damage distribution.The validity of this evaluation method is verified through two simulated image pairs,one deformation and one crack.Then,a series of surface images recorded from an en-echelon rock structure are analyzed using this method.The result shows that the spatial and temporal parallelism exists between the evolution of the gray correlation and the deformation localization.Therefore,gray correlation is expected to be a useful tool to evaluate the damage evolution of rock.
Damage evolution of rock under loading can be expressed to some extent by the deformation and crack propagation of the specimen surface,which could be observed or analyzed with the digital images recorded from the specimen surface during loading.However,current methods to evaluate deformation from digital images are either qualitative(semi-qualitative) or quantitative,and very complicated computation and special software are demanded(for example,digital speckle correlation method).In this paper,a very simple quantitative analysis method for digital images recorded from loaded rock specimen to evaluate its damage evolution is proposed.To realize the method,a reference image is firstly selected from the series of digital images;and then the gray correlation of all other images is calculated using a pre-defined calculation scheme.When the image coordinate is fixed,the deformation will change the pixel aray,therefore,the correlation will decrease when there is a large deformation.Likewise,intensity of crack position will change sharply because of the existence of new exposure part by crack,then there is a sharp decrease of the gray correlation.Therefore,the distribution of gray correlation will reveal the damage distribution.The validity of this evaluation method is verified through two simulated image pairs,one deformation and one crack.Then,a series of surface images recorded from an en-echelon rock structure are analyzed using this method.The result shows that the spatial and temporal parallelism exists between the evolution of the gray correlation and the deformation localization.Therefore,gray correlation is expected to be a useful tool to evaluate the damage evolution of rock.
引文
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[13]Wang Y,Ostermann J,Zhang Y Q.Video Processing and Communi-cations[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.
[14]刘力强,马瑾,马胜利.典型构造背景应变场特征及其演化趋势[J].地震地质,1995,17(4):349-356.(Liu Liqiang,Ma Jin,Ma Shengli.Characteristics and evolution of background strain field on typical structure models[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(4):349-356.(in Chinese))
[15]陈俊达,马少鹏,刘善军,等.应用数字散斑相关方法试验研究雁列断层变形破坏过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(Chen Junda,Ma Shaopeng,Liu Shanjun,et al.An experimental study on the failure process of en-echelon fault structure using the digital speckle correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(in Chinese))
[2]黄明利,唐春安,朱万成.岩石单轴压缩下破坏失稳过程SEM即时研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),1999,20(4):426-429.(Huang Mingli,Tang Chun′an,Zhu Wancheng.Real-time SEM study on rock failure instability under uniaxial compression[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),1999,20(4):426-429.(in Chinese))
[3]葛修润,李廷芥,张梅英,等.适用于岩石力学细观试验研究的加载仪[J].岩土力学,2000,21(3):289-293.(Ge Xiurun,Li Tingjie,Zhang Meiying,et al.Loading apparatus for the meso-mechanical experiment on rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(3):289-293.(in Chinese))
[4]冯夏庭,王川婴,陈四利.受环境侵蚀的岩石细观破裂过程试验与实时观测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):935-939.(Feng Xiating,Wang Chuanying,Chen Sili.Testing study and real-time observation of rock meso-cracking process under chemical erosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(7):935-939.(in Chinese))
[5]Zhao Y H.Crack pattern evolution and a fractal damage constitutive model for rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1998,35(3):349-366.
[6]李兆霞,黄跃平.脆性固体变形响应与裂纹扩展的同步试验观测及其定量分析[J].实验力学,1998,13(2):231-236.(Li Zhaoxia,Huang Yueping.Cracking observed in real time of deformational response and its quantitative analysis[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,1998,13(2):231-236.(in Chinese))
[7]漆鹏廷,黄跃平,李兆霞.脆性固体破坏表面裂纹的自动识别和处理[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版),2000,30(3):80-83.(Qi Pengting,Huang Yueping,Li Zhaoxia.The auto-detection and auto-processing of crack images on the surface of brittle solids[J].Journal of Southeast University(Natural Science),2000,30(3):80-83.(in Chinese))
[8]漆鹏廷,李兆霞,黄跃平.砂浆受压变形与裂纹萌生的固有关系[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(3):425-428.(Qi Pengting,Li Zhaoxia,Huang Yueping.Link between compressive deformation and crack propagation in cement mortar[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(3):425-428.(in Chinese))
[9]Ma S P,Jin G C.Digital speckle correlation method improved by genetic algorithm[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2003,16(4):366-373.
[10]马少鹏,金观昌,潘一山.岩石材料基于天然散斑场的变形观测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):792-796.(Ma Shaopeng,Jin Guanchang,Pan Yishan.Deformation measurement method for rock materials based on natural speckle pattern[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):792-796.(in Chinese))
[11]Ma S P,Xu X H,Zhao Y H.The Geo-DSCM system and its application to the deformation measurement of rock materials[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):411-412.
[12]赵永红,梁海华,熊春阳,等.用数字图像相关技术进行岩石损伤的变形分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(1):73-76.(Zhao Yonghong,Liang Haihua,Xiong Chunyang,et al.Deformation measurement of rock damage by digital image correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(1):73-76.(in Chinese))
[13]Wang Y,Ostermann J,Zhang Y Q.Video Processing and Communi-cations[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003.
[14]刘力强,马瑾,马胜利.典型构造背景应变场特征及其演化趋势[J].地震地质,1995,17(4):349-356.(Liu Liqiang,Ma Jin,Ma Shengli.Characteristics and evolution of background strain field on typical structure models[J].Seismology and Geology,1995,17(4):349-356.(in Chinese))
[15]陈俊达,马少鹏,刘善军,等.应用数字散斑相关方法试验研究雁列断层变形破坏过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(Chen Junda,Ma Shaopeng,Liu Shanjun,et al.An experimental study on the failure process of en-echelon fault structure using the digital speckle correlation method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(6):1 350-1 356.(in Chinese))
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