坚硬脆性岩体中圆形洞室岩爆破坏的平面应变模型试验研究
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摘要
为了探讨圆形地下洞室围岩岩爆破坏过程与机制,以单轴抗压强度(σc)、脆性系数(K)与冲击能量指数(WB)为概化指标,通过物理模型材料的正交试验,选取合适的具有岩爆倾向性的坚硬脆性岩体物理模型材料,制作了尺寸为800mm×800mm×200mm(长×宽×厚)、中心为φ160mm的圆形洞室物理模型试件,并在岩土工程大型真三轴物理模型试验机上进行平面应变物理模型试验。试验结果表明:在保持物理模型试件水平荷载与垂直荷载相等并同步提高过程中,围岩由弹性状态进入塑性状态,σθ-(r/r0)曲线表现峰值后移,σr-(r/r0)曲线形状变化不明显。当对物理模型试件同步施加水平荷载Ph与垂直荷载Pv均为600kN时,洞壁出现葱皮状剥落。同步施加水平荷载Ph与垂直荷载Pv均为630kN时,围岩在极短的时间与极窄的加载区间内围绕洞壁出现大规模突发性破坏,继续同步施加Ph与Pv,在相对较长时间与荷载区间内,围岩应力调整,出现相对稳定期。
In order to discuss rockburst process and mechanism in the surrounding rock of a circular cavern,a physical model,which is 800 mm long,800 mm wide and 200 mm thick with a φ 160 mm circular cavern,is produced with hard brittle physical model material from orthogonal experiments by the generalized indexes of uniaxial compressive strength(σ c),brittleness coefficient(K)and exponential of impact energy(WB).The physical model is tested in the large true triaxial model-test machine in geotechnical engineering under the plane strain condition.There are some test results as follows.The peak value of the σ θ-(r /r0)curve moves backwards;and the shape of the σ r-(r /r0)curve is not metabolic if the state of the surrounding rock changes from elasticity to plasticity during the process of the horizontal load(Ph)and the vertical load(Pv)being kept equal and being loaded in phase.On the other hand,flake like shallot skin comes into being in the cavern wall when Ph and Pv loaded in phase are all 600 kN,then large-scale paroxysmal breakage occurs in the surrounding rock during a short time and a limited loading-zone when Ph and Pv loaded in phase are equal to 630 kN.Subsequently,a relatively steady period appears in a relatively long time and a relatively broad loading-zone,following stress adjustability,if Ph and Pv are loaded in phase sequentially.
In order to discuss rockburst process and mechanism in the surrounding rock of a circular cavern,a physical model,which is 800 mm long,800 mm wide and 200 mm thick with a φ 160 mm circular cavern,is produced with hard brittle physical model material from orthogonal experiments by the generalized indexes of uniaxial compressive strength(σ c),brittleness coefficient(K)and exponential of impact energy(WB).The physical model is tested in the large true triaxial model-test machine in geotechnical engineering under the plane strain condition.There are some test results as follows.The peak value of the σ θ-(r /r0)curve moves backwards;and the shape of the σ r-(r /r0)curve is not metabolic if the state of the surrounding rock changes from elasticity to plasticity during the process of the horizontal load(Ph)and the vertical load(Pv)being kept equal and being loaded in phase.On the other hand,flake like shallot skin comes into being in the cavern wall when Ph and Pv loaded in phase are all 600 kN,then large-scale paroxysmal breakage occurs in the surrounding rock during a short time and a limited loading-zone when Ph and Pv loaded in phase are equal to 630 kN.Subsequently,a relatively steady period appears in a relatively long time and a relatively broad loading-zone,following stress adjustability,if Ph and Pv are loaded in phase sequentially.
引文
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[3]LIU J,FENG X T,DING X L,et al.Stability assessment of the Three Gorges dam foundation,China,using physical and numerical modeling—part I:physical model tests[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(5):609–631.
[4]任伟中.双层反翘型滑坡成灾机制及控制对策研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(REN Weizhong.The deformation and failure mechanism and control policy of landslide with double sliding planes and rock-layer reverse[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[5]陈陆望.物理模型试验技术研究及其在岩土工程中的应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2006.(CHEN Luwang.Study on physical model-test technology and application in geotechnical engineering[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.(in Chinese))
[6]任伟中,白世伟,孙桂凤,等.厚覆盖岩层条件下地下采矿的地表及围岩变形破坏特征模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(21):3935–3941.(REN Weizhong,BAI Shiwei,SUN Guifeng,et al.Research on deformation and subsidence characters of ground and surrounding rock induced by underground mining under thick covering terrain by model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(21):3935–3941.(in Chinese))
[7]左保成,陈丛新,刘小巍,等.反倾岩质边坡破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3505–3511.(ZUO Baocheng,CHEN Congxin,LIU Xiaowei,et al.Modeling experiment study on failure mechanism of counter-tilt rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3505–3511.(in Chinese))
[8]陈安敏,沈俊,顾欣.自由式锚索和全长黏结式锚索加固效果比较模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2689–2696.(CHEN Anmin,SHEN Jun,GU Xin.Model experiment study on the different reinforcement effects of unbonded anchor cable and full-length bonded anchor cable in rock engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2689–2696.(in Chinese))
[9]罗先启,刘德富,吴剑,等.雨水及库水作用下滑坡模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(14):2476–2483.(LUO Xianqi,LIU Defu,WU Jian,et al.Model test study on landslide under rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(14):2476–2483.(in Chinese))
[10]李仲奎,卢达溶,中山元,等.三维模型试验新技术及其在大型地下洞群研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(9):1430–1436.(LI Zhongkui,LU Darong,NAKAYAMA H,et al.Development and application of new technology for3D geo-mechanics model test of large underground houses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(9):1430–1436.(in Chinese))
[11]陈陆望,白世伟.脆性岩体岩爆倾向性相似材料概化配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增):1054–1058.(CHEN Luwang,BAI Shiwei.Proportioning test study on similar material generalization of rockburst tendency of brittle rock-mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Supp.):1054–1058.(in Chinese))
[12]程圣国,罗先启,方坤河.土质滑坡相似材料试验设计理论及评价方法研究[J].水力发电,2002,(4):21–22,29.(CHENG Shengguo,LUO Xianqi,FANG Kunhe.The test and design theory of the similar materials of soil-type landslide and the study on its assessment method[J].Water Power,2002,(4):21–22,29.(in Chinese))
[13]蔡美峰,王金安,王双红.玲珑金矿深部开采岩体能量分析与岩爆综合预测[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):38–42.(CAI Meifeng,WANG Jin′an,WANG Shuanghong.Analysis of energy distribution and prediction of rock burst during deep mining excavation in Linglong gold mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):38–42.(in Chinese))
[14]白义如.相似材料模型位移场光学测量技术研究及应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2000.(BAI Yiru.Study and application of displacement field optical measurement technology of similar material model[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2000.(in Chinese))
[15]徐干成,白洪才,郑颖人,等.地下工程支护结构[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.(XU Gancheng,BAI Hongcai,ZHENG Yingren,et al.Lining structure in underground engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[16]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Meifeng,HE Manchao,LIU Dongyan.Rock mechanics and engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
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