爆破动荷载作用下围岩累积损伤效应声波测试研究
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摘要
基于声波测试原理,利用RSM-SY5智能型声波仪,对厂坝铅锌矿某巷道围岩在爆破动荷载作用下产生的累积损伤效应进行了现场试验研究。研究表明:既有开挖爆破对巷道围岩的影响深度为0.8～1.2 m,根据钻孔的深度,在3.5～4.8 m深度的岩体内进行爆破累积损伤效应研究是可行的;随着爆破次数的不断增加,岩体声波速度逐渐降低,损伤度D呈现出非线性累积规律;随着与爆源距离的增大,岩体爆破损伤程度减小,累积损伤效应逐渐变得不明显;水平和垂直方向测试结果存在较大差异,说明爆破作用下岩体损伤具有各向异性的特征。爆破装药位置和药量对岩体损伤累积规律有一定的影响。装药区段范围内的岩体损伤程度最严重,装药量越大,岩体损伤程度也越大。测试成果为进一步的岩体力学参数研究和地下洞室稳定性分析提供了参考依据。
Cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock in some gallery in Changba Lead-zinc Mine was studied by in-situ tests on sound waves,using RSM-SY5 intelligent sound wave apparatus,based on the sound wave measuring theory.It was shown that the damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation was 0.8～1.2 m,and researches on cumulative damage effect within 3.5～4.8 m were feasible according to the depth of boring holes.The acoustic wave velocity gradually decreased with the increasing of blasting times,and the damage degree(D) presented a rule of non-linear cumulation.The blasting damage degree decreased with the increasing of distance,and gradually became indistinct.The measured horizontal results were different from those of vertical,which illuminated that damage of rock mass under blasting load was anisotropic.The charge and its position could influence the damage cumulative rules of rock mass.The damage degree of rock mass within the range of charging was most severe.And the more the charge was,the more severe the damage degree of rock mass was.The test results provided references for the researches on mechanical parameters of rock mass and the stability analysis of underground chambers.
Cumulative damage effect of surrounding rock in some gallery in Changba Lead-zinc Mine was studied by in-situ tests on sound waves,using RSM-SY5 intelligent sound wave apparatus,based on the sound wave measuring theory.It was shown that the damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation was 0.8～1.2 m,and researches on cumulative damage effect within 3.5～4.8 m were feasible according to the depth of boring holes.The acoustic wave velocity gradually decreased with the increasing of blasting times,and the damage degree(D) presented a rule of non-linear cumulation.The blasting damage degree decreased with the increasing of distance,and gradually became indistinct.The measured horizontal results were different from those of vertical,which illuminated that damage of rock mass under blasting load was anisotropic.The charge and its position could influence the damage cumulative rules of rock mass.The damage degree of rock mass within the range of charging was most severe.And the more the charge was,the more severe the damage degree of rock mass was.The test results provided references for the researches on mechanical parameters of rock mass and the stability analysis of underground chambers.
引文
[1]杨小林,王梦恕,王树仁.爆破对岩体基本质量的影响及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(4):461–464.(YANG Xiao-lin,WANG Meng-shu,WANG Shu-ren.Blasting effects on basic quality of rock mass and its experimental investigation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(4):461–464.(in Chinese))
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[4]INNAURATO N,MANCINI R,CARDU M.On the influence of rock mass quality of blasting work in tunnel driving[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):81–89.
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[6]NAPIER J A L,PEIRCE A P.The use of a multiple expansion techniques to analyze large scale fracture process and seismic recurrence effects in deep level mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,34(3/4):680–691.
[7]阳生权.爆破地震累积效应理论和应用初步研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2002.(YANG Sheng-quan.Study on theory and application of blasting vibration cumulative effects[D].Changsha:Central South University,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]熊海华,卢文波,李小联,等.龙滩水电站右岸导流洞开挖中爆破损伤范围研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):432–436.(XIONG Hai-hua,LU Wen-bo,LI Xiao-lian,et al.Study on blast-induced damage zone for excavation of diversion tunnel at right bank of Longtan Hydroelectric Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):432–436.(in Chinese))
[9]彭德红.边坡开挖爆破的声波测试技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(12):38–41.(PENG De-hong.Sound wave test technology for blasting excavation in side slope[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2004,26(12):38–41.)
[10]蔡德所,张继春,刘浩吾,等.圈定基岩爆破损伤范围的声层析成象技术[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(6):11–15.(CAI De-suo,ZHANG Ji-chun,LIU Hao-wu,et al.Seismic tomography technique for determining damage range in bed rock blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(6):11–15.(in Chinese))
[11]赵明阶,徐蓉.岩石声学特性研究现状及展望[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000.19(2):79–86.(ZHAO Ming-jie,XU Rong.The present situation and prospect of the aucostic properties resent in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,200,19(2):79–86.(in Chinese))
[12]李造鼎.岩体测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.(LI Zao-ding.Measurement technology of rock mess[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[13]孟吉复,惠鸿斌.爆破测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.(MENG Ji-fu,HUI Hong-bin.Blasting measurement technology[M].Beijjing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[14]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12–16.(ZHU Chuan-yun,YU Sheng-chun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):12–16.(in Chinese))
[15]王代华,刘军,柏德强.露天边坡在爆破作用下损伤特征的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5):532–535.(WANG Dai-hua,LIU Jun,BO De-qiang.Experimental study on the damage characteristics of the slope under blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):532–535.(in Chinese))
[16]杨军,金乾坤,黄风雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.(YANG Jung,JIN Qian-kun,HUANG Feng-lei.Theoretical models of rock blasting and numerical calculation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]LIU Li-qing,KATSABANIS P D.Development of a continuum damage model for blasting analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,34(2):217–231.
[18]李俊如,夏祥,李海波.核电站基岩爆破开挖损伤区研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):4674–4678.(LI Jun-ru,XIA Xiang,LI Hai-bo.Study on blast-induced bedrock damage extension for a nuclear power station project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4674–4678.(in Chinese))
[2]寇绍全.从第四届岩石爆破国际会议看当前岩石爆破技术的发展趋势[J].力学进展,1994,24(1):132–135.(KOU Shao-quan.Trend analysis of rock blasting technique from the fourth international symposium on rock fragmentation by blasting[J].Advances in Mechanics,1994,24(1):132–135.(in Chinese))
[3]HAO H,WU C H,ZHOU Y X.Numerical analysis of blast-induced stress waves in a rock mass with anisotropic continuum damage models,part I:equivalent material property approach[J].Rock Mech and Rock Eng,2002,35(2):79–94.
[4]INNAURATO N,MANCINI R,CARDU M.On the influence of rock mass quality of blasting work in tunnel driving[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1998,13(1):81–89.
[5]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1887–1891.(LI Hai-bo,JIANG Hui-jun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safety analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,22(11):1887–1891.(in Chinese))
[6]NAPIER J A L,PEIRCE A P.The use of a multiple expansion techniques to analyze large scale fracture process and seismic recurrence effects in deep level mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,34(3/4):680–691.
[7]阳生权.爆破地震累积效应理论和应用初步研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2002.(YANG Sheng-quan.Study on theory and application of blasting vibration cumulative effects[D].Changsha:Central South University,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]熊海华,卢文波,李小联,等.龙滩水电站右岸导流洞开挖中爆破损伤范围研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):432–436.(XIONG Hai-hua,LU Wen-bo,LI Xiao-lian,et al.Study on blast-induced damage zone for excavation of diversion tunnel at right bank of Longtan Hydroelectric Project[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):432–436.(in Chinese))
[9]彭德红.边坡开挖爆破的声波测试技术[J].武汉理工大学学报,2004,26(12):38–41.(PENG De-hong.Sound wave test technology for blasting excavation in side slope[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2004,26(12):38–41.)
[10]蔡德所,张继春,刘浩吾,等.圈定基岩爆破损伤范围的声层析成象技术[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(6):11–15.(CAI De-suo,ZHANG Ji-chun,LIU Hao-wu,et al.Seismic tomography technique for determining damage range in bed rock blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(6):11–15.(in Chinese))
[11]赵明阶,徐蓉.岩石声学特性研究现状及展望[J].重庆交通学院学报,2000.19(2):79–86.(ZHAO Ming-jie,XU Rong.The present situation and prospect of the aucostic properties resent in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,200,19(2):79–86.(in Chinese))
[12]李造鼎.岩体测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1993.(LI Zao-ding.Measurement technology of rock mess[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[13]孟吉复,惠鸿斌.爆破测试技术[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992.(MENG Ji-fu,HUI Hong-bin.Blasting measurement technology[M].Beijjing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[14]朱传云,喻胜春.爆破引起岩体损伤的判别方法研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):12–16.(ZHU Chuan-yun,YU Sheng-chun.Study on the criterion of rock mass damage caused by blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):12–16.(in Chinese))
[15]王代华,刘军,柏德强.露天边坡在爆破作用下损伤特征的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2004,29(5):532–535.(WANG Dai-hua,LIU Jun,BO De-qiang.Experimental study on the damage characteristics of the slope under blasting[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2004,29(5):532–535.(in Chinese))
[16]杨军,金乾坤,黄风雷.岩石爆破理论模型及数值计算[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.(YANG Jung,JIN Qian-kun,HUANG Feng-lei.Theoretical models of rock blasting and numerical calculation[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]LIU Li-qing,KATSABANIS P D.Development of a continuum damage model for blasting analysis[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,1997,34(2):217–231.
[18]李俊如,夏祥,李海波.核电站基岩爆破开挖损伤区研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):4674–4678.(LI Jun-ru,XIA Xiang,LI Hai-bo.Study on blast-induced bedrock damage extension for a nuclear power station project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4674–4678.(in Chinese))
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