自动驾驶汽车对城市发展的影响及规划应对

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英文篇名：The Impact of Autonomous Vehicles on Urban Developmnent and Planning Response 作者：王鹏 ; 雷诚 英文作者：Wang Peng;Lei Cheng; 关键词：自动驾驶汽车 ; 共享模式 ; 城市发展 ; 规划应对 英文关键词：Automatic vehicle;;Shared mode;;Urban development;;Urban planning 中文刊名：规划师 英文刊名：Planners 机构：苏州大学建筑学院; 出版日期：2019-04-30 出版单位：规划师 年：2019 期：08 基金：国家自然科学基金项目(51578351);; 江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目(2018SJZDI124);; 江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(SJKY19_2297);; 江苏省政府留学奖学金资助 语种：中文; 页：81-86 页数：6 CN：45-1210/TU ISSN：1006-0022 分类号：TU984.191;U463.6

摘要

随着自动驾驶汽车技术的成熟,城市又一次站在交通技术历史性转变的十字路口,如何应对新技术的发展及其对城市产生的一系列影响值得思考。文章基于自动驾驶汽车的技术特征,首先探讨了其在城市中发展的两种模式——私有式与共享式,预判了自动驾驶汽车将呈现S型曲线发展并表现出渐进和突变的特征,进而提出了共享模式主导下的智能交通网络体系构建愿景。其次,进一步论述了自动驾驶汽车在经济发展、结构形态、交通组织和生态环境等方面对城市的影响。最后,提出了建立智能化城市数据平台、优化交通与多元系统协调、促进技术与人文理念融合、构建公平的多方参与框架、调整专业教育理论体系的城市规划应对思路。
        With the development of automatic driving technology, cities are again at the crossroads of technological reform in transportation. How to cope with the development of new technology and its impact on cities? The paper studies two modes based on automatic driving: private mode and shared mode, predicts that automatic driving will develop with a S-shape curve and exhibits both progressive and mutant characters, and puts forwards smart transportation network system vision under shared model. It further discusses the impact of automatic vehicle on economic development, structural form, transportation organization,and ecological environment. It proposes setting up smart urban data platform, improving coordination between transportation and other systems, promoting integration between technology and humanistic thoughts, establishing fair multilateral participation framework, adjusting professional educational system etc.

引文

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    (1)2018年初,北京市有关部门发放了首批自动驾驶汽车测试试验用临时号牌,开放了市内33条道路作为测试道路。截至2018年10月,已有7家企业的34辆自动驾驶汽车获得牌照上路进行测试。
    (2)国际汽车工程师协会(SAE International)根据自动驾驶汽车的自动化水平,将其分为1到5级:辅助驾驶、部分自动驾驶、有条件自动驾驶、高度自动驾驶、完全自动驾驶。本文讨论的自动驾驶是指实现了4~5级的高水平自动驾驶。
    (3)吴志强院士在中国城市科学研究会新型城镇化与城乡规划专业委员会2018年学术年会(上海)、2018年城市发展与规划大会(苏州)等会议上多次提出“城市发展全要素过程模拟”的概念。