准噶尔盆地北部基底结构与属性问题探讨
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摘要
准噶尔盆地的基底结构与属性一直是地学界关注的焦点问题之一.横跨准噶尔盆地北部,走向近东西的克拉玛依—喀姆斯特地震剖面提供了该盆地北部详细的地壳与上地幔顶部的速度结构与构造,特别是基底顶界面的速度.沿剖面发现了数条走向近南北的"H"型超壳断裂,它们没有明显的断差,断裂处反射系数明显降低,介质的Q值减小,推测具"开裂"性质;利用盆地内1:20万重磁数据完成了重磁联合反演,获得了沿剖面的地壳与上地幔顶部的二维密度结构与二维磁性结构.根据在一定深度范围内介质的速度-密度-岩性之间的关系,确定了盆地北部基底岩性分布.结果表明,准噶尔盆地北部的基底多处为基性和超基性物质,推测为深部(上地幔)物质沿超壳断裂进入地壳内部并对地壳物质进行改造的结果.这一推断得到盆地内部高磁性、高重力异常的支持,也与盆地具有较高的地壳平均速度相一致.综合其他地球物理与地质资料综合分析,给出了综合地质解释剖面,建立了准噶尔盆地北部基底结构与属性的动力学模型.
The basement structure and property of the Junggar basin has long been a focus for geoscientists.A comprehensive geophysical profile,running from Karamay to Karmst in nearly EW direction and located at the northern part of the Junggar basin,provided with a detailed velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle,especially the velocity at the top of the basement.Along the profile,several "H" type faults have been located,which cut through the crust without obvious dislocation and have a low reflectivity and Q value at the faults,inferred as extensional faults.A joint inversion of gravity with geomagnetism along the profile was carried out and 2D density and 2D magnetic intensity of the crust and uppermost mantle were obtained using 1:200000 gravitational and geomagnetic anomalies in the Junggar basin.Furthermore,the rock types of the basement for the northern part of the Junggar basin were determined by using the relation among velocity,density and rock type at a certain depth range.The result shows that several sections of the basement along the profile are basic to ultra basic materials,indicating that the mass of the uppermost mantle intruded into the crust and mixed with crustal material.This inference is supported by high velocity,high density and high geomagnetic intensity of the crust.Combining with other geophysical and geological data,we developed a comprehensive geological interpretation profile,which shows a geodynamic model for the structure and property of the northern Junggar basin.
The basement structure and property of the Junggar basin has long been a focus for geoscientists.A comprehensive geophysical profile,running from Karamay to Karmst in nearly EW direction and located at the northern part of the Junggar basin,provided with a detailed velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle,especially the velocity at the top of the basement.Along the profile,several "H" type faults have been located,which cut through the crust without obvious dislocation and have a low reflectivity and Q value at the faults,inferred as extensional faults.A joint inversion of gravity with geomagnetism along the profile was carried out and 2D density and 2D magnetic intensity of the crust and uppermost mantle were obtained using 1:200000 gravitational and geomagnetic anomalies in the Junggar basin.Furthermore,the rock types of the basement for the northern part of the Junggar basin were determined by using the relation among velocity,density and rock type at a certain depth range.The result shows that several sections of the basement along the profile are basic to ultra basic materials,indicating that the mass of the uppermost mantle intruded into the crust and mixed with crustal material.This inference is supported by high velocity,high density and high geomagnetic intensity of the crust.Combining with other geophysical and geological data,we developed a comprehensive geological interpretation profile,which shows a geodynamic model for the structure and property of the northern Junggar basin.
引文
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[18]赵俊猛,马宗晋,姚长利等.准噶尔盆地基底构造分区的重磁异常分析.新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):7~11Zhao J M,Ma Z J,Yao C L,et al.Analysis on gravity-magnetic anomalies in basement geotectonic divisions inJunggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(1):7~11
[19]谢家荣.谢家荣文集地质学(一).北京:地质出版社,2007Xie J R.Collection Works of C.Y.Hsieh,Volume IGeology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007
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[21]Feng Y,Coleman R G,Tilton G,et al.Tectonic evolution ofthe west Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Tectonics,1989,8(4):729~752
[22]Tilton G R,Kwon S T,Coleman R G,et al.Isotopic studiesfromthe West Junggar Mts.,NWChina.Geol Soc Am AbstrPrograms,1986,18:773
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[2]赵白.准噶尔盆地的构造特征与构造划分.新疆石油地质,1993,14(3):209~215Zhao B.Structure feature and structure classification of theJunggar basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1993,14(3):209~215
[3]张季生,洪大卫,王涛.由航磁异常判断准噶尔盆地基底性质.地球学报,2004,25(4):473~478Zhang J S,Hong D W,Wang T.Geophysical researches onthe basement properties of the Junggar Basin.ActaGeoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2004,25(4):473~478
[4]张恺.论中国大陆板块的裂解、漂移、碰撞和聚敛活动与中国含油气盆地的演化.新疆石油地质,1991,12(2):91~106Zhang K.On the division,drift,collision and convergence ofland blocks and the evolution of petroleum basins of China.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1991,12(2):91~106
[5]赵白.准噶尔盆地的基地性质.新疆石油地质,1992,13(2):95~99Zhao B.The basement properties of the Junggar basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),13(2):95~99
[6]况军.地体拼贴与准噶尔盆地的形成演化.新疆石油地质,1993,14(2):126~132Kuang J.Tarrane collage and the formation and evolution ofthe Junggar basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(inChinese),1993,14(2):126~132
[7]彭希龄.准噶尔盆地早古生代陆壳存在的证据.新疆石油地质,1994,15(4):291~297Peng X L.The evidence for land crust existence in theJunggar basin during early Paleozoic.Xinjiang PetroleumGeology(in Chinese),1994,15(4):291~297
[8]崔作舟.格尔木—额济纳旗地学断面地壳结构与地质构造的关系.见:中国地球物理学会年刊.北京:地震出版社,1994.87Cui Z Z.The relationship between crustal structure andgeological tectonics along the geoscience transect fromGol mud to Ejna Qi.In:Annual of the Chinese GeophysicalSociety.Beijng:Seismological Press,1994.87
[9]赵俊猛.天山造山带与准噶尔盆地岩石圈结构及其动力学过程[博士论文].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,1998Zhao J M.Lithospheric structure and dynamic processes ofthe Tianshan Orogenic Belt and Junggar Basin.[Ph.Ddissertation].Beijing:Institute of Geology,China EarthquakeAdministration,1998
[10]Zhao J M,Liu G D,Lu Z X,et al.Lithospheric structureand dynamic processes of the Tianshan orogenic belt and theJunggar basin.Tectonophysics,2003,376:199~239
[11]Zhao J M,Cheng H G,Pei S P,et al.Deep structure atnorthern margin of Tari m basin.Chinese Science Bulletin,2008,53(10):1544~1554
[12]Zhao J M,Mooney WD,Zhang X K,et al.Crustal structureacross the Altyn Tagh Range at the northern margin of theTibetan plateau and tectonic i mplications.Earth andPlanetary Science Letter,2006,241:804~814
[13]刘永祥,伍旭光.高温高压下岩石波速与地壳深部的物质组成.地球物理学报,1997,40(3):211~220Liu Y X,Wu X G.Wave velocity in rocks under hightemperature and pressure and composition of the deep crust.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1997,43(3):211~220
[14]邵学钟,张家茹.邢台地震区深部构造背景的地震转换波探测和研究.地球物理学报,1993,36(5):609~620Shao X Z,Zhang J R.Exploration and research on the deeptectonic background of the Xingtai Seismic Region by seismicconverted waves.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1993,36(5):609~620
[15]邵学钟,张家茹.油气勘探与地壳深部构造研究.石油勘探与开发,1999,26(2):11~14Shao X Z,Zhang J R.Petroleum prospecting and deepstructure.Petroleum Exploration and Development(inChinese),1999,26(2):11~14
[16]赵俊猛,李植纯,程宏岗等.天山造山带岩石圈密度与磁性结构研究及其动力学分析.地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1061~1067Zhao J M,Li Z C,Cheng H G,et al.Structure oflithospheric density and geomagnetism beneath the Tianshanorogenic belt and their geodynamic i mplacations.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2004,47(6):1061~1067
[17]赵俊猛,卢造勋,姚长利等.准噶尔盆地基底断裂的重磁学研究.地震地质,2008,30(1):132~143Zhao J M,Lu Z X,Yao C L,et al.Crystalline basementfaults in Junggar basin determined by gravity andgeomagnetism.Seismologyand Geology(in Chinese),2008,30(1):132~143
[18]赵俊猛,马宗晋,姚长利等.准噶尔盆地基底构造分区的重磁异常分析.新疆石油地质,2008,29(1):7~11Zhao J M,Ma Z J,Yao C L,et al.Analysis on gravity-magnetic anomalies in basement geotectonic divisions inJunggar Basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),2008,29(1):7~11
[19]谢家荣.谢家荣文集地质学(一).北京:地质出版社,2007Xie J R.Collection Works of C.Y.Hsieh,Volume IGeology.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007
[20]杨克明.西北地区主要盆地的形成与演化.西北地质,1992,13(1):1~6Yang K M.Formation and evolution of the basins innorthwestern China.Northwestern Geology(in Chinese),1992,13(1):1~6
[21]Feng Y,Coleman R G,Tilton G,et al.Tectonic evolution ofthe west Junggar region,Xinjiang,China.Tectonics,1989,8(4):729~752
[22]Tilton G R,Kwon S T,Coleman R G,et al.Isotopic studiesfromthe West Junggar Mts.,NWChina.Geol Soc Am AbstrPrograms,1986,18:773
[23]肖序常,汤耀庆.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造.北京:地质出版社,1992.1~169Xiao X C,Tang Y Q.Tectonicsin Northern Xinjiang and ItsAdjacent Regions.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992.1~169
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