覆岩关键层运动诱发冲击的规律研究
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摘要
基于岩层运动关键层理论,研究了覆岩关键层破断规律,从力学机理上分析了覆岩关键层正"O-X"型破断时,矿山压力达到最大值,极易导致强矿震、冲击矿压的发生。利用微震监测系统,对关键层破断诱发冲击矿压进行定位分析,证明了高能量级别的矿震大多数发生在工作面推进过程中覆岩关键层处于正"O-X"型破断位置。研究表明由关键层运动破断诱发冲击矿压前后,微震事件的时空演化规律、前兆信息显著。研究结果为利用岩层运动理论与微震监测相结合的方法预测冲击矿压奠定了基础。
The fracture and movement of overlying strata caused by the mining activities have great influence on the behaviors of violent strata such as mining shock and rock bursts.Based on the key stratum theory,the fracture rules of the key strata are studied.When the phenomenon of square "O-X" style caving occurs,the rock pressure reaches its maximum,and as a result,strong mining shock and rock burst easily occur,which is proved by mechanical mechanism.The rule that the most strong tremors with great energy occur in the zone with the overlying key strata caving as square "O-X" is validated by monitoring and analysis results using the micro-seismic observation system.The monitoring results show that the "time-space" evolvement regulation and omen information of the micro-seismic events are obvious.The research achievements establish a foundation for the rock burst forecast method on the basis of the stratum movement theory and micro-seismic observation.
The fracture and movement of overlying strata caused by the mining activities have great influence on the behaviors of violent strata such as mining shock and rock bursts.Based on the key stratum theory,the fracture rules of the key strata are studied.When the phenomenon of square "O-X" style caving occurs,the rock pressure reaches its maximum,and as a result,strong mining shock and rock burst easily occur,which is proved by mechanical mechanism.The rule that the most strong tremors with great energy occur in the zone with the overlying key strata caving as square "O-X" is validated by monitoring and analysis results using the micro-seismic observation system.The monitoring results show that the "time-space" evolvement regulation and omen information of the micro-seismic events are obvious.The research achievements establish a foundation for the rock burst forecast method on the basis of the stratum movement theory and micro-seismic observation.
引文
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[15]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et a1.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[16]SHEN B,KING A,GUO H.Displacement stress and seismicity in roadway roofs during mining-induced failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):672–688.
[17]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismic monitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[18]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
[19]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapman and Hall Press,1997.
[20]钱鸣高,许家林,石平武,等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(QIAN Ming-gao,XU Jia-lin,SHI Ping-wu ea al.Mining pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[21]Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.矿山地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.(Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Beijing:Earthquake Publish House,1998.(in Chinese))
[2]窦林名,赵从国,杨思光,等.煤矿开采冲击矿压灾害防治[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006.(DOU Lin-ming,ZHAO Cong-guo,YANG Si-guang,et al.Prevention and control of rock burst in coal mine[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[3]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000:17–20.(QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,XU Jia-lin,ea al.Key strata theory in ground control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2000:17–20.(in Chinese))
[4]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:科学文化出版社,2002:90–109.(DOU Lin-ming,HE xue-qiu.Mining Geophysics[M].China Science Press,2002:90–109.(in Chinese))
[5]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismic monitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[6]BECK D A,BRADY B H G.Evaluation and application of controlling parameters for seismic events in hard-rock mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(5):633–642.
[7]DRIAD-LEBEAU L,LAHAIE F,AL HEIB M,et al.Seismic and geotechnical investigations following a rock burst in a complex French mining district[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):66–78.
[8]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23–25.(JIANG Fu-xing,XUN LUO,YANG Shu-hua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23–25.(in Chinese))
[9]姜福兴,XUN Luo.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147–149.(JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo.Application of micro seismic monitoring technology of strata fracturing in underground coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):147–149.(in Chinese))
[10]姜福兴,杨淑华,XUN Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4):357–360.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,XUN Luo.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357–360.(in Chinese))
[11]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,CHENG Yun-hai,et al.A study on microseismie monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1511–1516.(inChinese))
[12]潘一山,赵杨锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(PAN Yi-shan,ZHAO Yang-feng,GUAN Fu-hai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1002–1011.(in Chinese))
[13]李治平,蔡美峰,王建宙,等.老虎台矿矿山地震活动规律研究[J].地震,2002,22(1):43–48.(LI Zhi-ping,CAI Mei-feng,WANG Jian-zhou,et a1.Study on mine tremors'activity in Laohutai Coal Mine[J].Earthquake,2002,22(1):43–48.(in Chinese))
[14]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772–775.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et al.Frequency spectrum analysis on micro seismic monitoring and signal differentiation of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):772–775.(in Chinese))
[15]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Cai-ping,DOU Lin-ming,WU Xing-rong,et a1.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[16]SHEN B,KING A,GUO H.Displacement stress and seismicity in roadway roofs during mining-induced failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):672–688.
[17]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismic monitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[18]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1135–1145.
[19]MENDECKI A J.Seismic monitoring in mines[M].London:Chapman and Hall Press,1997.
[20]钱鸣高,许家林,石平武,等.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(QIAN Ming-gao,XU Jia-lin,SHI Ping-wu ea al.Mining pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[21]Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.矿山地震学引论[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.(Slawomir Jerzy Gibowicz,Andrzej Kijko.An introduction to mining seismology[M].Beijing:Earthquake Publish House,1998.(in Chinese))
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