“5·12”汶川地震滑坡特征及失稳破坏模式分析
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摘要
"5.12"汶川特大地震不仅大幅度降低了地震区斜坡的稳定性,而且还诱发了大量滑坡等地质灾害。通过对灾区地震滑坡灾害进行野外深入调查,对"5.12"大型典型地震滑坡的基本特征等进行归纳、总结,并以青川县东河口滑坡为例,对该大型滑坡的基本特征及失稳破坏模式进行分析。分析得出,东河口滑坡是一个强震作用下的高速远程型坡体运动,其运动阶段大致可分为启程滑动、近程飞越、碰撞和远程流动3个阶段。该滑坡的失稳破坏模式可简单概括为拉裂→裂纹扩展、趋于贯通→斜坡失稳、凌空滑出→滑坡解体、流动→堆积。
The stability of slopes in earthquake disaster areas has not only been largely decreased by"5·12"Wenchuan earthquake,but also a large number of geological hazards such as landslides and so on,have been induced in the areas.On the basis of thoroughly surveying on the landslides induced by the earthquake in the disaster areas,basic characteristics of the typical landslides was summarized.Taking the Donghekou landslide of Qingchuan county as an example,basic characteristics and deformation failure mode of the large-scale landslide was analyzed and discussed.The results showed that the landslide belongs to high-speed and long-distance slope movement in the action of intense earthquake.The movement stage can be approximately separated into three stages of sliding in setting out,flying and colliding of short-distance,and flowing of long-distance.The destabilization failure mode can be simply generalized into tension→crack extended,running-through→slope instability and fiying off→landslide disaggregation,flowing→deposit.
The stability of slopes in earthquake disaster areas has not only been largely decreased by"5·12"Wenchuan earthquake,but also a large number of geological hazards such as landslides and so on,have been induced in the areas.On the basis of thoroughly surveying on the landslides induced by the earthquake in the disaster areas,basic characteristics of the typical landslides was summarized.Taking the Donghekou landslide of Qingchuan county as an example,basic characteristics and deformation failure mode of the large-scale landslide was analyzed and discussed.The results showed that the landslide belongs to high-speed and long-distance slope movement in the action of intense earthquake.The movement stage can be approximately separated into three stages of sliding in setting out,flying and colliding of short-distance,and flowing of long-distance.The destabilization failure mode can be simply generalized into tension→crack extended,running-through→slope instability and fiying off→landslide disaggregation,flowing→deposit.
引文
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[2]Chai Hejun,Liu Hanchao,Zhang Zhuoyuan.Landslidedams induced by Diexi earthquake in 1933 and its environ-mental effect[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Envi-ronment Preservation,1995,6(1):7-17.[柴贺军,刘汉超,张倬元.1933年叠溪地震滑坡堵江事件及其环境效应[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1995,6(1):7-17.]
[3]Zhou Bengang,Zhang Yuming.Some characteristics ofearthquake-induced landslide in Southwestern China[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,1994,16(1):95-103.[周本刚,张裕明.中国西南地区地震滑坡的基本特征[J].西北地震学报,1994,16(1):95-103.]
[4]Wang HB,Sassa K,Xu W Y.Analysis of a spatial distribu-tion of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakesof Niigata Prefecture,Japan[J].Nat Hazards,2007,41:43-60.
[5]David K K.Landslides caused by earthquakes[J].Geolog-ical Society of America Bulletin,1984,95:406-421.
[6]David K K.Investigation landslides caused by earthquakes-a historical review[J].Surveys in Geophysics of AcademicPublishers,2002,23:473-510.
[7]Song Lisheng.Historical earthquake and landslide disaster[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,1994,(2):55-57.[宋立胜.历史地震与滑坡灾害[J].山西地震,1994,(2):55-57.]
[8]Li Shude,Ren Xiusheng,Yue Shengyang et al.Study ofearthquake-landslide[J].Research of Soil and WaterConservation,2001,8(2):23-25.[李树德,任秀生,岳升阳等.地震滑坡研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(2):23-25.]
[9]四川省国土资源厅.汶川地震震后地质灾害排查表[R].2008.
[10]黄润秋.汶川地震触发地质灾害发育分布规律及形成机理研究.中日地震防灾减灾学术研讨会会议报告[R].2008.
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