云南地区波速变化与强震孕育
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摘要
利用2007年11月至2010年5月云南测震台网46个台站共31个月的连续测震记录,采用背景噪声瑞利面波层析成像方法得到云南地区不同周期瑞利面波的相速度背景图像;用滑动时窗得到当前不同时段瑞利面波相速度图像,将当前速度图像减去背景速度图像,得到当前速度扰动图像;将不同时段的速度扰动图像与云南中强地震作对比研究,发现在该区域中强地震发生前,在10～25s周期的相速度扰动图像中,川滇菱形块体中段瑞利面波波速都有明显升高现象。
Applying the Rayleigh Wave Tomography method to the processing of the continuous ambient data recorded by 46 broadband sub-stations of the Yunnan Seismological Network from November,2007 to May,2010,we obtain the background image of the phase velocity of the Rayleigh Wave with different periods in Yunnan area.Then,by removing the background phase velocity from the current phase velocity reconstructed by sliding time-window,we obtain the current velocity-perturbation images.Comparing the velocity-perturbation images with the distribution of moderate-strong earthquakes in Yunnan,we find that before moderate-strong earthquakes in the middle part of the Sichuan-Yunan Rhombic Block,Rayleigh-phase velocity increased significantly in the perturbation images of phase-velocity from 10s to 25s.
Applying the Rayleigh Wave Tomography method to the processing of the continuous ambient data recorded by 46 broadband sub-stations of the Yunnan Seismological Network from November,2007 to May,2010,we obtain the background image of the phase velocity of the Rayleigh Wave with different periods in Yunnan area.Then,by removing the background phase velocity from the current phase velocity reconstructed by sliding time-window,we obtain the current velocity-perturbation images.Comparing the velocity-perturbation images with the distribution of moderate-strong earthquakes in Yunnan,we find that before moderate-strong earthquakes in the middle part of the Sichuan-Yunan Rhombic Block,Rayleigh-phase velocity increased significantly in the perturbation images of phase-velocity from 10s to 25s.
引文
蔡静观,张喜玲,李永莉,等.1997.云南地区近期强震孕育过程中波速比突变的时空演化特征[J].地震学报,19(5):535-541.
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蔡静观.2000.波速比计算中的不确定因素和在地震预报中的应用[J].地震研究,23(1):51-56.
刁桂苓,周仕勇,刘杰,等.2005.岫岩地震序列的平均波速比前兆异常[J].华北地震科学,23(4):1-5.
李军,金星,周峥嵘,等.2009.利用地震噪声准实时监测短周期面波波速变化[J].地震学报,31(6):629-640.
刘志坤,黄金莉.2010.利用背景噪声互相关研究汶川地震震源区地震波速度变化[J].地球物理学报,53(4):853-863.
秦保燕,张元生.2000.波速比异常空间演化与主震位置预测[J].西北地震学报,22(1):6-10.
张学民,刁桂苓,束沛镒,等.2004.华北地区地下介质波速比值(Vp/Vs)研究[J].地震地质,26(2):138-150.
Aggarwal Y P,Sykes L R,Armbrusterm J,et al.1973.Premonitory chan-ges in seismic velocities and prediction of earthquakes[J].Nature,241(5385):101-104.
Birch F.1961.The velotity of compressional wtwes in rocks to10Rilo-bars,part2[J].JGR,(7):2199-2224.
Birch F.1960.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10ki lo-bars,part1[J].JGR,65(4):1083-1102.
Bensen G D.Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.2007.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dis-persion measurements[J].Geophys J Int,169(3):1239-1260.
Brenguier F,Shapiro N M,Campillo M,et al.2008.Towards Forecasting Volcanic Eruptions using Seismic Noise[J].Nature Geoscience,1(2):126-150.
Brenguier F,Campillo M,Hadziioannou C,et al.2008.Postseismic relaxa-tion along the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from continuous seis-mological observations[J].Science,321(5805):1478-1481.
Campillo M,Paul A.2003.Long-range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda[J].Science,299,547-549,doi:10.1126/science.1078551.
De Fazio T L,Aki K,Alba J.1973.Solid earth tide and observed change in the in situ seismic velocity[J].JGR,78(8):1319-1322.
Dirmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.1987.Generalization of Backus Gi lbert method for estimation lateral variations of surface wave velocities[J].phys Sobid Earth lzlestia Acad Scl USSR,23(61):470-477.
Kanamori H,Fuis G.1976.Variation of P-wave velocity before and after the Galway Lake earthquake(ML=5.2)and the Goat Moun-tain.earthquakes(ML=4.7,4.7),1975,in the Mojave Desert,Cali-fornia[J].BSSA,66(6):2017-2037.
Leary P C,Malin P E,Phinney R A,et al.1979.Systematic monitoring of millisecond travel time variations near palmdale,california[J].Geo-phys Res,84(B2):659-666.
Levshin A L,Yanovskaya T B,Lander A V,et al.1989.Seismic Surface Waves in a Laterally Inhomogeneous Earth[M].//Keilis-Borok,V I,Kluwer,Norwell,et al.Mcdern Approoches in Geophysics.
McEvilly T V,Johnson L R.1974.Stability of P and S velocities from cen-tral California quarry blasts[J].BSSA,64(2):343-353.
Nersesov I L,Semenova A N,Simbireva I G.1969.Space-time distribution of the travel-time ratios of transverse and longitudinal wave in the Gram area[M]//The Physical Basis of foreshocks,Nauka,Moscow.
Niu F L,Silver P G,Daley T M,et al.2008.Preseismic velocity changes observed f rom active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site[J].Nature,454(7201):204-209.doi:10.1038/na-ture07111.
Nishimura T,Uchida N,Sato H,et al.2000.Temporal changes of the crus-tal structure associated with the M6.1earthquake on September3,1998and the volcanic activity of mount Iwate,Japan[J].Geophys Res Lett,27(2),269-272.
Pandolfi D,Bean C J,Saccorotti G.2006.Coda wave interferometric de-tection of seismic velocity changes associated with the1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.2006.Temporal changes of shallowseismic velocity a-round the Karadere-D¨uzce branch of the north Anatolian fault and strong ground motion[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163(2-3),567-600.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Frechet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:an application to the Cala-veras fault,California[J].JGR,89(87),5719-5731.
Ratdomopurbo A,Poupinet G.1995.Monitoring a temporal change of seis-mic velocity in a volcano:application to the1992eruption of Mt.Merapi(Indonesia)[J].Geophys Res Lett,22(7):775-778.
Reasenberg P,Aki K.1974.A precise,continuous measurement of seismic velocity453for monitoring in situ stress[J].JGR,79(2),399-406.
Saito M.1988.DISPER80:a subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal-mode solutions,seismological algorithms[M]//Doornbos D J.Press Seismological Algorithms,New York,293-319.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C.2004.Coseismic and postseismic velocity changes measured by repeating earthquakes[J].JGR,109(B10302),doi:10.1029/2004JB003011.
Sens-Schnfelder C,Wegler U.2006.Passive image interferometry and sea-sonal variations of seismic velocities at Merapi volcano,Indonesia[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L21302,doi:10.1029/2006GL027797.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M.2004.Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise[J].Geophys Res Lett,31,L07614,doi:10.1029/2004GL019491.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.2005.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise[J].Science,307(5715),1615-1618.doi:10.1126/science.1108339.
Silver P G,Daley T M,Niu F,et al.2007.Active source monitoring of corsswell seismic travel time for stress induced changes[J].BSSA,97(18),281-293.
Simmons G.1964.Velocity of shear waves in rocks to10kilobars1[J].JGR,69(6),1123-1130.
Wang B S,Zhu P,Chen Y,et al.2008.Continuous subsurface velocity measurement with coda wave interferometry[J].JGR,113(B12313),doi:10.1029/2007JB005023.
Wegler U,Lühr B-G,Snieder R,et al.2006.Increase of shear wave veloc-ity before the1998eruption of Merapi volcano(Indonesia)[J].Geo-phys Res Lett,33,L09303,doi:10.1029/2006GL025928.
Xu Z J,Song X D.2009.Temporal changes of surface wave velocity asso-ciated with major Sumatra earthquakes from ambient noise correlation[C].Proc Natl Aca Sci USA,106(34),14207-14212.
Yukutake H,Nakajima T,Doi K.1988.In situ measurements of elastic wave velocity in a mine,and the effects of water and stress on their variation[J].Tectonophysics,149(1-2):165-175.
Yamamura K,Sano O,Utada H,et al.2003.Long-term observation of in situ seismic velocity and attenuation[J].JGR,108(B6),2317,doi:10.1029/2002JB002005.
蔡静观,张喜玲.1999.丽江、宁蒗强震的波速比时空演化图象和数值分析[J].中国地震,15(1):82-91.
蔡静观.2000.波速比计算中的不确定因素和在地震预报中的应用[J].地震研究,23(1):51-56.
刁桂苓,周仕勇,刘杰,等.2005.岫岩地震序列的平均波速比前兆异常[J].华北地震科学,23(4):1-5.
李军,金星,周峥嵘,等.2009.利用地震噪声准实时监测短周期面波波速变化[J].地震学报,31(6):629-640.
刘志坤,黄金莉.2010.利用背景噪声互相关研究汶川地震震源区地震波速度变化[J].地球物理学报,53(4):853-863.
秦保燕,张元生.2000.波速比异常空间演化与主震位置预测[J].西北地震学报,22(1):6-10.
张学民,刁桂苓,束沛镒,等.2004.华北地区地下介质波速比值(Vp/Vs)研究[J].地震地质,26(2):138-150.
Aggarwal Y P,Sykes L R,Armbrusterm J,et al.1973.Premonitory chan-ges in seismic velocities and prediction of earthquakes[J].Nature,241(5385):101-104.
Birch F.1961.The velotity of compressional wtwes in rocks to10Rilo-bars,part2[J].JGR,(7):2199-2224.
Birch F.1960.The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to10ki lo-bars,part1[J].JGR,65(4):1083-1102.
Bensen G D.Ritzwoller M H,Barmin M P,et al.2007.Processing seismic ambient noise data to obtain reliable broad-band surface wave dis-persion measurements[J].Geophys J Int,169(3):1239-1260.
Brenguier F,Shapiro N M,Campillo M,et al.2008.Towards Forecasting Volcanic Eruptions using Seismic Noise[J].Nature Geoscience,1(2):126-150.
Brenguier F,Campillo M,Hadziioannou C,et al.2008.Postseismic relaxa-tion along the San Andreas Fault at Parkfield from continuous seis-mological observations[J].Science,321(5805):1478-1481.
Campillo M,Paul A.2003.Long-range correlations in the diffuse seismic coda[J].Science,299,547-549,doi:10.1126/science.1078551.
De Fazio T L,Aki K,Alba J.1973.Solid earth tide and observed change in the in situ seismic velocity[J].JGR,78(8):1319-1322.
Dirmar P G,Yanovskaya T B.1987.Generalization of Backus Gi lbert method for estimation lateral variations of surface wave velocities[J].phys Sobid Earth lzlestia Acad Scl USSR,23(61):470-477.
Kanamori H,Fuis G.1976.Variation of P-wave velocity before and after the Galway Lake earthquake(ML=5.2)and the Goat Moun-tain.earthquakes(ML=4.7,4.7),1975,in the Mojave Desert,Cali-fornia[J].BSSA,66(6):2017-2037.
Leary P C,Malin P E,Phinney R A,et al.1979.Systematic monitoring of millisecond travel time variations near palmdale,california[J].Geo-phys Res,84(B2):659-666.
Levshin A L,Yanovskaya T B,Lander A V,et al.1989.Seismic Surface Waves in a Laterally Inhomogeneous Earth[M].//Keilis-Borok,V I,Kluwer,Norwell,et al.Mcdern Approoches in Geophysics.
McEvilly T V,Johnson L R.1974.Stability of P and S velocities from cen-tral California quarry blasts[J].BSSA,64(2):343-353.
Nersesov I L,Semenova A N,Simbireva I G.1969.Space-time distribution of the travel-time ratios of transverse and longitudinal wave in the Gram area[M]//The Physical Basis of foreshocks,Nauka,Moscow.
Niu F L,Silver P G,Daley T M,et al.2008.Preseismic velocity changes observed f rom active source monitoring at the Parkfield SAFOD drill site[J].Nature,454(7201):204-209.doi:10.1038/na-ture07111.
Nishimura T,Uchida N,Sato H,et al.2000.Temporal changes of the crus-tal structure associated with the M6.1earthquake on September3,1998and the volcanic activity of mount Iwate,Japan[J].Geophys Res Lett,27(2),269-272.
Pandolfi D,Bean C J,Saccorotti G.2006.Coda wave interferometric de-tection of seismic velocity changes associated with the1999M=3.6event at Mt.Vesuvius[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L06306,doi:10.1029/2005GL025355.
Peng Z,Ben-Zion Y.2006.Temporal changes of shallowseismic velocity a-round the Karadere-D¨uzce branch of the north Anatolian fault and strong ground motion[J].Pure Appl Geophys,163(2-3),567-600.
Poupinet G,Ellsworth W L,Frechet J.1984.Monitoring velocity variations in the crust using earthquake doublets:an application to the Cala-veras fault,California[J].JGR,89(87),5719-5731.
Ratdomopurbo A,Poupinet G.1995.Monitoring a temporal change of seis-mic velocity in a volcano:application to the1992eruption of Mt.Merapi(Indonesia)[J].Geophys Res Lett,22(7):775-778.
Reasenberg P,Aki K.1974.A precise,continuous measurement of seismic velocity453for monitoring in situ stress[J].JGR,79(2),399-406.
Saito M.1988.DISPER80:a subroutine package for the calculation of seismic normal-mode solutions,seismological algorithms[M]//Doornbos D J.Press Seismological Algorithms,New York,293-319.
Schaff D P,Beroza G C.2004.Coseismic and postseismic velocity changes measured by repeating earthquakes[J].JGR,109(B10302),doi:10.1029/2004JB003011.
Sens-Schnfelder C,Wegler U.2006.Passive image interferometry and sea-sonal variations of seismic velocities at Merapi volcano,Indonesia[J].Geophys Res Lett,33,L21302,doi:10.1029/2006GL027797.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M.2004.Emergence of broadband Rayleigh waves from correlations of the ambient seismic noise[J].Geophys Res Lett,31,L07614,doi:10.1029/2004GL019491.
Shapiro N M,Campillo M,Stehly L,et al.2005.High-resolution surface-wave tomography from ambient seismic noise[J].Science,307(5715),1615-1618.doi:10.1126/science.1108339.
Silver P G,Daley T M,Niu F,et al.2007.Active source monitoring of corsswell seismic travel time for stress induced changes[J].BSSA,97(18),281-293.
Simmons G.1964.Velocity of shear waves in rocks to10kilobars1[J].JGR,69(6),1123-1130.
Wang B S,Zhu P,Chen Y,et al.2008.Continuous subsurface velocity measurement with coda wave interferometry[J].JGR,113(B12313),doi:10.1029/2007JB005023.
Wegler U,Lühr B-G,Snieder R,et al.2006.Increase of shear wave veloc-ity before the1998eruption of Merapi volcano(Indonesia)[J].Geo-phys Res Lett,33,L09303,doi:10.1029/2006GL025928.
Xu Z J,Song X D.2009.Temporal changes of surface wave velocity asso-ciated with major Sumatra earthquakes from ambient noise correlation[C].Proc Natl Aca Sci USA,106(34),14207-14212.
Yukutake H,Nakajima T,Doi K.1988.In situ measurements of elastic wave velocity in a mine,and the effects of water and stress on their variation[J].Tectonophysics,149(1-2):165-175.
Yamamura K,Sano O,Utada H,et al.2003.Long-term observation of in situ seismic velocity and attenuation[J].JGR,108(B6),2317,doi:10.1029/2002JB002005.
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