地震地表变形三维有限元数值分析
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摘要
基于地震断层弹性位错理论,采用地震位移水平分布的抛物线模型,研究了三维有限元方法在活断层发震产生地震变形预测计算中的应用,并以敦煌莫高窟为例进行了实际计算。研究及计算结果表明,该方法计算地震变形简明实用,具有计算精度高、边界可控、模型可调的特点,能使模拟更切合实际。
D finite element method is employed in the prediction and calculation of seismic deformation with the parabola model of horizontal displacement distribution,and the seismic deformation of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang as a case study. The results show that 3D finite element method is of high precision,being able to control boundary conditions and adjust computation models. The calculated displacements and strains on the ground surface agree,in order of magnitude,with the actual values observed in earthquake. The influence of fault dimension on the result is also studied,which indicates that the calculated value is stable when fault depth is greater than a certain value,and the reliable earthquake deformation with 3D finite element method can be achieved.
D finite element method is employed in the prediction and calculation of seismic deformation with the parabola model of horizontal displacement distribution,and the seismic deformation of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang as a case study. The results show that 3D finite element method is of high precision,being able to control boundary conditions and adjust computation models. The calculated displacements and strains on the ground surface agree,in order of magnitude,with the actual values observed in earthquake. The influence of fault dimension on the result is also studied,which indicates that the calculated value is stable when fault depth is greater than a certain value,and the reliable earthquake deformation with 3D finite element method can be achieved.
引文
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16宋惠珍,刘洁,兰印刚.位错模型的有限单元公式[J].西北地震学报,1993,15(2):6～12
17SegallP,LisowskiM.Surface displacements in the1906SanFrancisco and1989LomaPrieta earthquakes[J].Science,1990,250(9):1241～1244
18ThoraA,SegallP.The1989LomaPrieta earthquake imaged from inversion of geodetic data[J].J.GeophysRes.,1994,99(B11):21835～21855
19曾海容,宋惠珍.三维有限单元反演的数学方法[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):45～49
20曾海容,宋惠珍.利用三维有限单元格林函数反演1989年LomaPrieta地震的震源机制[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):225～232
21郭增建,秦保燕.震源物理[M].北京:地震出版社,1979
22李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981
23郭增建,秦保燕.地震成因和预报[M].北京:地震出版社,1991
24袁道阳,石玉成,王旭东.敦煌莫高窟地区断裂新活动特征及其对石窟的影响[J].敦煌研究,2000,18(1):56～64
25国家地震局地震测量队.1966年邢台地震的地形变[J].地球物理学报,1975,18(3):153～163
2路新景,孙文怀,李金都.南水北调西线工程几个特殊的工程地质和岩石力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(5):829～833
3汤淼鑫.活动断裂安全距离的研究[J].工程抗震,1999,21(1):44～48
4KasaharaK.The nature of seismic origins as inferred from seismological and geodetic observations(I)[J].B.E.R.I.,1957,35(3):473～532
5KasaharaK.Physical conditions of earthquake faults(Ⅱ),a model of strike-slip faults with various dip angles[J].B.E.R.I.1959,37(1):39～52
6KnopoffL.Energy release in earthquakes[J].Geophys,J.R.A.S.,1958,1(1):44～52
7ChinneryM A.The deformation of the ground around surface faults[J].B.S.S.A.,1961,51(3):355～372
8MarayamaT.Statical elastic dislocation in an infinite and semi-infinite medium[J].Bull.Earthq.Res.Inst.,TokyoUniv.,1964,42(2):355～372
9PressF.Displacements,strains and tilts at teleseismic distances[J].J.G.R.,1965,70(10):2395～2412
10ChinneryM A,PetralsJ A.The dislocation fault model with a variable discontinuity[J].Tectonophysics,1968,5(6):513～529
11CanitezN,TokosozM N.Static and dynamic study of earthquake source mechanism:SanFernando earthquake[J].J.G.R.,1972,77(14):2583～2594
12陈运泰,林邦慧,林中洋等.根据地面形变的观测研究1966年邢台地震的震源过程[J].地球物理学报,1975,18(3):164～182
13OkadaY.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile fault in a half space[J].Bull.Seismol.Soc.Am.,1985,75(4):1135～1145
14黄立人,顾国华.静力位错理论[M].北京:地震出版社,1982
15SegallP,HarrisR.Earthquake deformation cycle on theSanAndress fault nearParkfield,California[J].J.Geophys,Res.,1987,92(B10):10511～10525
16宋惠珍,刘洁,兰印刚.位错模型的有限单元公式[J].西北地震学报,1993,15(2):6～12
17SegallP,LisowskiM.Surface displacements in the1906SanFrancisco and1989LomaPrieta earthquakes[J].Science,1990,250(9):1241～1244
18ThoraA,SegallP.The1989LomaPrieta earthquake imaged from inversion of geodetic data[J].J.GeophysRes.,1994,99(B11):21835～21855
19曾海容,宋惠珍.三维有限单元反演的数学方法[J].地质力学学报,1999,5(1):45～49
20曾海容,宋惠珍.利用三维有限单元格林函数反演1989年LomaPrieta地震的震源机制[J].地震学报,1999,21(3):225～232
21郭增建,秦保燕.震源物理[M].北京:地震出版社,1979
22李善邦.中国地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1981
23郭增建,秦保燕.地震成因和预报[M].北京:地震出版社,1991
24袁道阳,石玉成,王旭东.敦煌莫高窟地区断裂新活动特征及其对石窟的影响[J].敦煌研究,2000,18(1):56～64
25国家地震局地震测量队.1966年邢台地震的地形变[J].地球物理学报,1975,18(3):153～163
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