浅埋隧道掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验研究
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摘要
以渝怀铁路人和场浅埋隧道工程为背景,进行掘进爆破的地表震动效应试验。通过测量掘进爆破引起的不同位置处的地表振动速度波形,研究地表震动特性及其变化规律。试验与分析结果表明:(1)掏槽孔爆破产生的地震效应最强烈,其震动强度是其他各类炮孔爆破的2倍以上;(2)辅助孔、崩落孔和周边孔爆破引起的地表振动速度并不总是随着其单段装药量的增加而增大;(3)浅埋隧道开挖区将造成掘进爆破产生的地表震动出现“空洞效应”;(4)掘进前方的爆破地震效应可用萨道夫斯基公式进行预测,掘进后方的爆破地震波则不符合这一衰减规律。人和场隧道掘进前方的地震波衰减参数为K=232.8,α=1.90。
Taking the project of Renhechang shallow tunnel for Chongqing—Huaihua railway as the background,the field experiments of vibration effects of the ground in tunneling blasting have been done. Based on the measurement of the waveforms of the vibration velocity in different distances away from the tunneling blasting sources on the ground,the vibration characteristic of the ground and its varying laws are studied. Four blasting experiments for the shallow tunnel were carried out and twenty-seven waveforms of measured point vibration were obtained. The results of the tests and analysis show that:(1) the seismic effect of cutting hole blasting is the most intensive and its vibration intensity is over two times greater than that of the other blast-holes blasting;(2) the vibration velocities of the ground resulting from relief,breast and trim holes blasting do not always become greater with the increase of their single period charges;(3) the excavation region of the shallow tunnel may cause the hollow effect of ground vibration in tunneling blasting;and (4) the blasting vibration effect along the tunneling direction can be forecasted by Sadov′s formula,but the formula is not suited to the forecast of the opposite direction. Moreover,for Renhechang shallow tunnel,the attenuation parameters of seismic waves along the tunneling direction are K = 232.8 and α = 1.90.
Taking the project of Renhechang shallow tunnel for Chongqing—Huaihua railway as the background,the field experiments of vibration effects of the ground in tunneling blasting have been done. Based on the measurement of the waveforms of the vibration velocity in different distances away from the tunneling blasting sources on the ground,the vibration characteristic of the ground and its varying laws are studied. Four blasting experiments for the shallow tunnel were carried out and twenty-seven waveforms of measured point vibration were obtained. The results of the tests and analysis show that:(1) the seismic effect of cutting hole blasting is the most intensive and its vibration intensity is over two times greater than that of the other blast-holes blasting;(2) the vibration velocities of the ground resulting from relief,breast and trim holes blasting do not always become greater with the increase of their single period charges;(3) the excavation region of the shallow tunnel may cause the hollow effect of ground vibration in tunneling blasting;and (4) the blasting vibration effect along the tunneling direction can be forecasted by Sadov′s formula,but the formula is not suited to the forecast of the opposite direction. Moreover,for Renhechang shallow tunnel,the attenuation parameters of seismic waves along the tunneling direction are K = 232.8 and α = 1.90.
引文
[1]谭忠盛,杨小林,王梦恕.复线隧道施工爆破对既有隧道的影响分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(2):281–285.(Tan Zhongsheng,Yang Xiaolin,Wang Mengshu.Effect of blast on double line tunnel existing tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):281–285.(in Chinese))
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[6]Berta G G.Blasting-induced vibration in tunneling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(2):175–187.
[7]张世雄,胡建华,阳生权,等.地下工程爆破振动监测与分析[J].爆破,2001,18(2):49–52.(Zhang Shixiong,Hu Jianhua,Yang Shengquan,et al.Monitoring and analysis of blast vibration in underground engineering[J].Blasting,2001,18(2):49–52.(in Chinese))
[8]方俊波,崔天麟.浅埋地铁区间爆破振动对地表建筑物的影响[J].世界隧道,2000,(5):28–31.(Fang Junbo,Cui Tianlin.The effect of blasting on ground buildings in shallow subway tunneling[J].World Tunnel,2000,(5):28–31.(in Chinese))
[9]魏晓林.爆破震动对临近建筑物的危害影响[J].爆破,1998,15(1):48–54.(Wei Xiaolin.Study on destructive effect of blasting near building[J].Blasting,1998,15(1):48–54.(in Chinese))
[10]李孝林.井下深孔爆破对地面建筑物的影响[J].爆破,1997,14(4):29–31.(Li Xiaolin.Effect of underground deep-hole blasting on ground buildings[J].Blasting,1997,14(4):29–31.(in Chinese))
[11]周春锋.城市浅埋隧道开挖减震控制爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):57–61.(Zhou Chunfeng.Vibration-reducing controlled blasting technology for excavation of urban shallow tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):57–61.(in Chinese))
[12]郗庆桃.隧道爆破震动控制技术[J].爆破,1998,15(4):83–87.(Xi Qingtao.Control measures for explosive vibration in tunnel[J].Blasting,1998,15(4):83–87.(in Chinese))
[13]林学文,王兰民.隧洞的爆破地震动效应问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274–278.(Lin Xuewen,Wang Lanmin.The effect of blast vibration on tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274–278.(in Chinese))
[14]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274–278.(Li Yumin,Ni Zhifang.Ground vibration characteristics of excavation blasting for underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274–278.(in Chinese))
[2]刘勇,张兴明,朱永全.双跨连拱隧道爆破振动测试[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998,11(2):63–66.(Liu Yong,Zhang Xingming,Zhu Yongquan.Blasting vibration measurement for continuous-double-arch tunnel[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,1998,11(2):63–66.(in Chinese))
[3]吴浩艺,刘慧,史雅语,等.邻近侧向爆破作用下既有隧道减震问题分析[J].爆破,2002,19(2):74–76.(Wu Haoyi,Liu Hui,Shi Yayu,et al.Analysis of the vibration reduction in tunnel contour induced by adjacent side blasting[J].Blasting,2002,19(2):74–76.(in Chinese))
[4]赵明阶,许锡宾,刘绪华,等.朝东岩隧道爆破掘进中围岩振动测试与分析[J].重庆交通学院学报,2002,21(2):21–24.(Zhao Mingjie,Xu Xibin,Liu Xuhua,et al.Measurement and analysis of the surrounding rock vibration during blasting excavation of the Chaodongyan tunnel[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University,2002,21(2):21–24.(in Chinese))
[5]郭俊涛.与既有电气化铁路超近距隧道微振动控爆、监测施工技术[J].铁道标准设计,2000,20(8):40–42.(Guo Juntao.The micro-vibration blasting technique and its monitoring construction of tunnel under the super short space with existing electric railway[J].Railway Standard Design,2000,20(8):40–42.(in Chinese))
[6]Berta G G.Blasting-induced vibration in tunneling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,1994,9(2):175–187.
[7]张世雄,胡建华,阳生权,等.地下工程爆破振动监测与分析[J].爆破,2001,18(2):49–52.(Zhang Shixiong,Hu Jianhua,Yang Shengquan,et al.Monitoring and analysis of blast vibration in underground engineering[J].Blasting,2001,18(2):49–52.(in Chinese))
[8]方俊波,崔天麟.浅埋地铁区间爆破振动对地表建筑物的影响[J].世界隧道,2000,(5):28–31.(Fang Junbo,Cui Tianlin.The effect of blasting on ground buildings in shallow subway tunneling[J].World Tunnel,2000,(5):28–31.(in Chinese))
[9]魏晓林.爆破震动对临近建筑物的危害影响[J].爆破,1998,15(1):48–54.(Wei Xiaolin.Study on destructive effect of blasting near building[J].Blasting,1998,15(1):48–54.(in Chinese))
[10]李孝林.井下深孔爆破对地面建筑物的影响[J].爆破,1997,14(4):29–31.(Li Xiaolin.Effect of underground deep-hole blasting on ground buildings[J].Blasting,1997,14(4):29–31.(in Chinese))
[11]周春锋.城市浅埋隧道开挖减震控制爆破技术[J].工程爆破,2001,7(1):57–61.(Zhou Chunfeng.Vibration-reducing controlled blasting technology for excavation of urban shallow tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7(1):57–61.(in Chinese))
[12]郗庆桃.隧道爆破震动控制技术[J].爆破,1998,15(4):83–87.(Xi Qingtao.Control measures for explosive vibration in tunnel[J].Blasting,1998,15(4):83–87.(in Chinese))
[13]林学文,王兰民.隧洞的爆破地震动效应问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274–278.(Lin Xuewen,Wang Lanmin.The effect of blast vibration on tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274–278.(in Chinese))
[14]李玉民,倪芝芳.地下工程开挖爆破的地面振动特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1997,16(3):274–278.(Li Yumin,Ni Zhifang.Ground vibration characteristics of excavation blasting for underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1997,16(3):274–278.(in Chinese))
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