荷载振动频率对冻结兰州细砂蠕变特性的影响
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摘要
通过一系列不同振动频率下的蠕变试验,分析冻结兰州细砂的蠕变变形特性以及频率对蠕变变形和蠕变破坏的影响。发现较高的频率对冻土的蠕变变形、应变速率影响较大;当动荷载应力幅值较大时,荷载大小的影响大于频率的影响,当应力幅值较小时,必须考虑频率的影响;当振动频率增加时,冻土更容易发生破坏,破坏时间变短;在此次试验条件下,土体的破坏应变较小,为2.8%～5.1%,破坏应变时大时小,总体上呈现变小的趋势;当最大加载应力不变而频率增加时,最小蠕变速率的变化幅值不大,都在一个量级范围内,当最大加载应力为4.5MPa时,最小蠕变速率为2.2×10-5～4.2×10-5s-1,而当最大加载应力为3.0MPa时,最小蠕变速率为2.9×10-6～6.8×10-6s-1;频率变化时,破坏振动次数并非单一地变化,存在临界频率,此时破坏振动次数最大。
The creep characteristics of frozen Lanzhou fine-sand and the impact of load vibration frequency on creep strain and creep failure are examined through a series of creep tests with different vibration frequencies.The tests illustrate that both creep strain and creep strain rate are influenced by the frequency of vibrating load,in particular,by higher frequencies.When the stress amplitude of the load has a large value,the load puts more impact on the creep stain and its rate than frequency does.When the stress amplitude of the load becomes small,the impact of the vibration frequency of the load has to be taken into account.With the increase of the frequency,the failure time decreases.The failure strain of frozen Lanzhou fine-sand is relatively small under this test condition,varying from 2.8% to 5.1%.As frequency increases,the failure strain presents a decreasing trend on the whole,though it fluctuates during those processes.With a constant vibrating load,the minimum creep strain rate varies within a small range in response to frequency increment.However,the minimum creep strain rate would be in different orders of magnitude when the soils bear various maximum vibrating loads.The test shows that the minimum creep strain rates vary from 2.2×10-5 to 4.2×10-5 s-1 with a maximal load of 4.5 MPa,while 2.9×10-6 s-1 to 6.8×10-6 with 3.0 MPa.When the frequency of the vibrating load varies,failure vibration time reacts in a. non-monotonic manner.There exists a critical frequency under which the failure vibration time reaches to its maximum.
The creep characteristics of frozen Lanzhou fine-sand and the impact of load vibration frequency on creep strain and creep failure are examined through a series of creep tests with different vibration frequencies.The tests illustrate that both creep strain and creep strain rate are influenced by the frequency of vibrating load,in particular,by higher frequencies.When the stress amplitude of the load has a large value,the load puts more impact on the creep stain and its rate than frequency does.When the stress amplitude of the load becomes small,the impact of the vibration frequency of the load has to be taken into account.With the increase of the frequency,the failure time decreases.The failure strain of frozen Lanzhou fine-sand is relatively small under this test condition,varying from 2.8% to 5.1%.As frequency increases,the failure strain presents a decreasing trend on the whole,though it fluctuates during those processes.With a constant vibrating load,the minimum creep strain rate varies within a small range in response to frequency increment.However,the minimum creep strain rate would be in different orders of magnitude when the soils bear various maximum vibrating loads.The test shows that the minimum creep strain rates vary from 2.2×10-5 to 4.2×10-5 s-1 with a maximal load of 4.5 MPa,while 2.9×10-6 s-1 to 6.8×10-6 with 3.0 MPa.When the frequency of the vibrating load varies,failure vibration time reacts in a. non-monotonic manner.There exists a critical frequency under which the failure vibration time reaches to its maximum.
引文
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[16]朱元林,何平,张家懿,等.冻土在振动荷载下的三轴蠕变模型[J].自然科学进展,1998,8(1):60-62.(Zhu Yuanlin,He Ping,Zhang Jiayi,et al.Triaxial creep model of frozen soil under dynamic loading[J].Progress in Natural Science,1998,8(1):60-62.(in Chinese))
[17]赵淑萍,何平,朱元林,等.冻结砂土在动荷载下的蠕变特征[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):270-274.(Zhao Shuping,He Ping,Zhu Yuanlin,et al.The creep characteristic of frozen sand under dynamic loading[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):270-274.(in Chinese))
[18]杨广庆,张兴明,蔡英.关于高速铁路路基几个问题的分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998,11(1):56-60.(Yang Guangqing,Zhang Xingming,Cai Ying.Analysis of several questions for express railway roadbed[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,1998,11(1):56-60.(in Chinese))
[19]马巍,吴紫汪,盛煜.围压对冻土强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):7-11.(Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Sheng Yu.Effect of confining pressure on strength behavior of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(5):7-11.(in Chinese))
[2]周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(Zhou Youwu,Guo Dongxin,Qiu Guoqing,et al.Chinese Permafrost[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[3]郭恩栋,王东升,陆鸣,等.青新交界8.1级地震生命线工程震害[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):77-81.(Guo Endong,Wang Dongsheng,Lu Ming,et al.Damage to lifelines during Ms=8.1 earthquake near Qinghai—Xingjiang border[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2002,22(3):77-81.(in Chinese))
[4]梁波,蔡英.不平顺条件下高速铁路路基的动力分析[J].铁道学报,1999,21(2):84-88.(Liang Bo,Cai Ying.Dynamic analysis on roadbed of high speed railway in geometric irregular[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,1999,21(2):84-88.(in Chinese))
[5]Vinson T S.Geotechnical Engineering in Cold Regions[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc.,1978.
[6]Vinson T S,Wilson C R,Bolander P.Dynamic properties of naturally frozen silt[A].In:Proc.of the 4th International Conference on Permafrost[C].Alaska,USA:National Academy Press,1983.1 315-1 320.
[7]何平,朱元林,张家懿,等.饱和冻结粉土的动弹模和动强度[J].冰川冻土,1993,15(1):170-174.(He Ping,Zhu Yuanlin,Zhang Jiayi,et al.The dynamic elastic modulus and dynamic strength of water-saturated frozen silty clay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1993,15(1):170-174.(in Chinese))
[8]沈忠言,张家懿.冻土退荷回弹动弹模[J].冰川冻土,1995,17(增):35-40.(Shen Zhongyan,Zhang Jiayi.Unloaded dynamic elastic modulus of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1995,17(Supp.):35-40.(in Chinese))
[9]徐学燕,仲丛利,陈亚明,等.冻土的动力特性研究及其参数确定[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(5):77-81.(Xu Xueyan,Zhong Congli,Chen Yaming,et al.The dynamic characteristic of frozen soil and determination of parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1998,20(5):77-81.(in Chinese))
[10]凌贤长,徐学燕,徐春华,等.冻结哈尔滨粉质黏土超声波速测定试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(4):456-459.(Ling Xianzhang,Xu Xueyan,Xu Chunhua,et al.Study on frozen Harbin silty clay through its measuring tests of ultrasonic velocity[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(4):456-459.(in Chinese))
[11]徐春华,徐学燕,邱明国,等.循环荷载下冻土的动阻尼比试验研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(6):22-25.(Xu Chunhua,第25卷增2赵淑萍等.荷载振动频率对冻结兰州细砂蠕变特性的影响?4103?Xu Xueyan,Qiu Mingguo,et al.Test study on the damping ratio of frozen soil under cyclic vibrating load[J].Journal of Harbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2002,35(6):22-25.(in Chinese))
[12]赵淑萍,朱元林,何平,等.冻土动力学参数测试研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2 677-2 681.(Zhao Shupin,Zhu Yuanlin,He Ping,et al.Study on dynamic mechanical parameters of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2 677-2 681.(in Chinese))
[13]王丽霞,凌贤长,徐学燕,等.青藏铁路冻结粉质黏土动静三轴试验对比[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(2):202-205.(Wang Lixia,Ling Xianzhang,Xu Xueyan,et al.Comparison of dynamic and static triaxial test on frozen silty clay of Qinghai—Tibet Railway[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(2):202-205.(in Chinese))
[14]Ladanyi B,Paquin J.Creep behavior of frozen sand under a deep circular load[A].In:Proc.of the 3rd International Conference on Permafrost[C].Edomonton,Canada:Nat.Res.Council of Canada,1978.679-686.
[15]朱元林,何平,张家懿,等.围压对冻结粉土在动荷载下蠕变性能的影响[J].冰川冻土,1995,17(增):20-25.(Zhu Yuanlin,He Ping,Zhang Jiayi,et al.Effect of confine pressure on creep behavior of frozen soil[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1995,17(Supp.):20-25.(in Chinese))
[16]朱元林,何平,张家懿,等.冻土在振动荷载下的三轴蠕变模型[J].自然科学进展,1998,8(1):60-62.(Zhu Yuanlin,He Ping,Zhang Jiayi,et al.Triaxial creep model of frozen soil under dynamic loading[J].Progress in Natural Science,1998,8(1):60-62.(in Chinese))
[17]赵淑萍,何平,朱元林,等.冻结砂土在动荷载下的蠕变特征[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(3):270-274.(Zhao Shuping,He Ping,Zhu Yuanlin,et al.The creep characteristic of frozen sand under dynamic loading[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(3):270-274.(in Chinese))
[18]杨广庆,张兴明,蔡英.关于高速铁路路基几个问题的分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998,11(1):56-60.(Yang Guangqing,Zhang Xingming,Cai Ying.Analysis of several questions for express railway roadbed[J].Journal of Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,1998,11(1):56-60.(in Chinese))
[19]马巍,吴紫汪,盛煜.围压对冻土强度特性的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):7-11.(Ma Wei,Wu Ziwang,Sheng Yu.Effect of confining pressure on strength behavior of frozen soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1995,17(5):7-11.(in Chinese))
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