中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题
|
摘要
中国至少有3 0 0×1 08t的海相碳酸盐岩油气资源量,是十分重要的勘探领域。在近5 0年的勘探历程中虽有塔河、普光等碳酸盐岩大油气田的发现,但探明储量仍然很低,这与勘探投入低有关,但更主要的原因在于中国海相碳酸盐岩油气地质的特殊性。经研究其特性可概括为7个方面:(1)碳酸盐岩层系形成于多旋回的叠合盆地;(2)碳酸盐岩层系时代老,埋藏深;(3)烃源岩具有多元、多期生烃;(4)储集层类型多、非均质性强;(5)圈闭类型多样,以隐蔽圈闭和复合圈闭为主;(6)油气藏改造、破坏严重,保存条件复杂;(7)油气藏分布复杂,预测难。要尽快实现碳酸盐岩油气探明储量的快速增长,缓解国内油气资源供需矛盾,必须加强碳酸盐岩油气富集与分布规律的理论研究和勘探技术攻关。文中将中国海相碳酸盐岩油气富集理论的研究凝练为三个方面的科学问题:(1)海相碳酸盐岩层系发育环境、构造演化及其对有效烃源岩的控制作用;(2)海相碳酸盐岩介质油气运聚机理;(3)海相碳酸盐岩层系油气多期成藏与保存机理;同时指出要加大碳酸盐岩地区的地震、钻井和测井等系列技术的攻关力度,以提高勘探的成功率。
Marine carbonate strata,at least bearing 300×10~8 t petroleum,is very important exploration objective in China.Although some large carbonate oil-gas fields such as Tahe oilfield and Puguang gasfield have been found for last 50 years,the found petroleum reserves in carbonate strata is still small.This is due to low investment of exploration,but the main reason lies in the particularity of petroleum geology of marine carbonate layer in China,including the following 7 aspects:(1)carbonate strata are buried in multiple cyclic superimposed basins;(2)the depth to the carbonate strata is large and its age is old;(3)the source rocks are characterized by multiple lithology and multi-stage hydrocarbons generation;(4)types of reservoir rocks are diverse and the heterogeneities are strong;(5)types of trap are diverse and mainly subtle and compound;(6)the reservoirs were generally adjusted and destroyed and its condition of preservation is complex;(7) the distribution of reservoirs are complex and it is difficult to be predicted.In order to discover more petroleum in carbonate strata and to lighten the conflict of supply and demand of petroleum resources,research on theories of the laws of the petroleum distribution and exploration technologies in marine carbonate basin should be strengthened.On basis of petroleum geologic characteristics of carbonate strata,three theoretical problems to be solved of petroleum accumulation in Chinese marine carbonate basins are put forward as follows:(1) the developing environment and evolution of tectonics of marine carbonate strata and their control of effective source rocks;(2)hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in the carbonate carrier beds;(3)mechanisms of multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.The paper also suggests that seismic method,drilling and well logging should be improved in exploration for petroleum in carbonate strata.
Marine carbonate strata,at least bearing 300×10~8 t petroleum,is very important exploration objective in China.Although some large carbonate oil-gas fields such as Tahe oilfield and Puguang gasfield have been found for last 50 years,the found petroleum reserves in carbonate strata is still small.This is due to low investment of exploration,but the main reason lies in the particularity of petroleum geology of marine carbonate layer in China,including the following 7 aspects:(1)carbonate strata are buried in multiple cyclic superimposed basins;(2)the depth to the carbonate strata is large and its age is old;(3)the source rocks are characterized by multiple lithology and multi-stage hydrocarbons generation;(4)types of reservoir rocks are diverse and the heterogeneities are strong;(5)types of trap are diverse and mainly subtle and compound;(6)the reservoirs were generally adjusted and destroyed and its condition of preservation is complex;(7) the distribution of reservoirs are complex and it is difficult to be predicted.In order to discover more petroleum in carbonate strata and to lighten the conflict of supply and demand of petroleum resources,research on theories of the laws of the petroleum distribution and exploration technologies in marine carbonate basin should be strengthened.On basis of petroleum geologic characteristics of carbonate strata,three theoretical problems to be solved of petroleum accumulation in Chinese marine carbonate basins are put forward as follows:(1) the developing environment and evolution of tectonics of marine carbonate strata and their control of effective source rocks;(2)hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism in the carbonate carrier beds;(3)mechanisms of multi-stage hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.The paper also suggests that seismic method,drilling and well logging should be improved in exploration for petroleum in carbonate strata.
引文
[1]LI Guoyu.Oil and gas prospects of marine Palaeozoic andProterozoic strata in China[J].World Petroleum Industry,1996,3(1):13-16(in Chinese).
[2]LI Guoyu.The marine sedimentary rocks are the future wishof China petroleum industry[J].Marine Origin PetroleumGeology,2005,10(1):5-12(in Chinese).
[3]LIU Guangding.On residual basin[J].Petroleum Explora-tionist,1997,2(3):1-4(in Chinese).
[4]LIU Guangding.Building the next Great Wall—The secondround of oil and gas exploration of China[J].Process in Geo-physics,2002,17(2):185-190(in Chinese).
[5]LIU Guangding.A new region of China oil and gas—Pre-Ce-nozoic marine residual basin[J].China Offshore Oil andGas(Geology),2003,17(3):151-152(in Chinese).
[6]JIN Zhijun,PANG Xiongqi,L Xiuxiang.Oil and gas ex-ploration of China marine carbonate rocks[J].PetroleumExplorationist,1998,3(4):66-68(in Chinese).
[7]JIN Zhijun,WANG Qingchen.New advancement in study ofoil and gas accumulation of typical superimposed basins,Chi-na—A example of Tarim basin[J].Science in China(SeriesD),2004,34(Suppl 1):1-12(in Chinese).
[8]MA Yongsheng.Resources and important scientific problemson exploration and its prospecting tactics of marine carbonaterocks in China[J].World Petroleum Industry,2000,7(2):11-14(in Chinese).
[9]MA Yongsheng,GUO Tonglou,FU Xiaoyue,et al.Marinepetroleum geologic characteristics and prospecting potentialin Southern China[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2002,7(3):19-27(in Chinese).
[10]LI Jinchao,MA Yongsheng,ZHANG Dajiang,et al.Someimportant scientific problems on exploration in marine forma-tions of China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(5):1-2(in Chinese).
[11]L Xiuxiang,JIN Zhijun,PI Xuejun,et al.Hydrocarbon ac-cumulation and distribution in lower Paleozoic carbonates inTarim basin[J].Science in China(SeriesD),1999,29(4):358-361(in Chinese).
[12]L Xiuxiang,JIN Zhijun.Distribution patterns of oil-gasfields in the carbonate rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):8-12(in Chinese).
[13]WANG Genhai.Petroleum exploration in the marine strata insouthern China—Exploration situation and proposal[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(5):1-21(in Chinese).
[14]GAO Ruiqi,ZHAO Zhengzhang.Marine Oil and Gas Geolo-gy and Prospects for Hydrocarbon Exploration in SouthernChina[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001(in Chi-nese).
[15]ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Guangya,HE Haiqing,et al.Ma-rine Petroleum Geology and Superimposed PetroliferousBasins[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002(inChinese).
[16]JIA Chengzao.Outlook of PetroChina s new results and newfields[J].World Petroleum Industry,2003,10(3):20-25(inChinese).
[17]ZHANG Kang,WANG Darui.Some thoughts on petroleumexploration in marine sedimentary basins of China[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):9-16(inChinese).
[18]XU Xiaosong,WANG Zhengjiang.Thought clew to searchafter strategic prospecting precincts of oil and gas resourcesin marine facies basins in China[J].Marine Origin Petrole-um Geology,2003,8(1):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]QI U Dongzhou,WANG Zhengjiang.The petroleumgeologiccharacteristics and prospecting tactics of marine sequences inChina[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):9-16(in Chinese).
[20]ZHOU Yuqi,YI Ronglong,SHU Wenpei,et al.Oil and GasResources in China[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosci-ences Press,2002(in Chinese).
[21]ZHAO Xianzheng.Petroleumexploration domains and their fu-ture strategiesin the south China[J].Journal ofthe Universityof Petroleum,China,1994,18(1):96-101(in Chinese).
[22]QI AN Kai,LI Benliang,XU Huizhong.Oil and gas explora-tion in marine Paleozoic strata of China[J].Marine OriginPetroleum Geology,2002,7(3):1-9(in Chinese).
[23]QI U Zhongjian,GONG Zaisheng.Oil and Gas Explorationin China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press and Geo-logical Publishing House,1999(in Chinese).
[24]DAI Jinxing,CHENJianfa,ZHONG Ningning,et al.GiantGas Fields and Their Sources in China[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2003(in Chinese).
[25]RAN Longhui,CHEN Gensheng,XU Rensu.The discoveryand found proved reserves of Luojiazhai large gas field in Si-chuan basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(1):43-47(in Chinese).
[26]JI A Chengzao.Tectonic Characteristics and Oil and Gas inTari m Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1997(in Chinese).
[27]JI N Zhijun,WANG Qingchen.The national key basic re-search and development program(973)—The formation anddistribution of oil and gas in typical superi mposed basins ofChina(G1999043300)[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2005,26(3):Illustration 1(in Chinese).
[28]LIUBaojun,LI Tingdong.Some problems of geology[J].Advancein Earth Sciences,2001,16(5):607-616(in Chinese).
[1]李国玉.中国海相古生界和元古宇沉积的含油气远景[J].世界石油工业,1996,3(1):13-16.
[2]李国玉.海相沉积岩是中国石油工业未来的希望[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):5-12.
[3]刘光鼎.试论残留盆地[J].勘探家,1997,2(3):1-4.
[4]刘光鼎.雄关漫道真如铁———论中国油气二次创业[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):185-190.
[5]刘光鼎.中国石油天然气的一个新领域———前新生代海相残留盆地[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):151-152.
[6]金之钧,庞雄奇,吕修祥.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):66-68.
[7]金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展———以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学(D),2004,34(增刊1):1-12.
[8]马永生.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气资源、勘探重大科技问题及对策[J].世界石油工业,2000,7(2):11-14.
[9]马永生,郭彤楼,付孝悦,等.中国南方海相石油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):19-27.
[10]李晋超,马永生,张大江,等.中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):1-2.
[11]吕修祥,金之钧,皮学军,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气聚集与分布[J].中国科学(D),1999,29(4):358-361.
[12]吕修祥,金之钧.碳酸盐岩油气田分布规律[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):8-12.
[13]王根海.中国南方海相地层油气勘探现状及建议[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):1-21.
[14]高瑞祺,赵政璋.中国南方海相油气地质及勘探前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[15]赵文智,张光亚,何海清,等.中国海相石油地质与叠合含油气盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[16]贾承造.中国石油勘探的新成果及新领域展望[J].世界石油工业,2003,10(3):20-25.
[17]张抗,王大锐.中国海相油气勘探的启迪[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):9-16.
[18]许效松,汪正江.对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思路[J].海相油气地质,2003,8(1):1-9.
[19]丘东洲,汪正江.中国海相层序油气地质个性与勘探策略[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):9-16.
[20]周玉琦,易荣龙,舒文培,等.中国石油与天然气资源[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[21]赵贤正.中国南方油气勘探领域及加快勘探的对策[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(1):96-101.
[22]钱凯,李本亮,许惠中.中国古生界海相地层油气勘探[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):1-9.
[23]邱中建,龚再升.中国油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社-地质出版社,1999.
[24]戴金星,陈践发,钟宁宁,等.中国大气田及其气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[25]冉隆辉,陈更生,徐仁苏.四川盆地罗家寨大型气田的发现和探明[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):43-47.
[26]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[27]金之钧,王清晨.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目———中国典型叠合盆地油气形成与分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):插1.
[28]刘宝,李廷栋.地质学的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(5):607-616.
[2]LI Guoyu.The marine sedimentary rocks are the future wishof China petroleum industry[J].Marine Origin PetroleumGeology,2005,10(1):5-12(in Chinese).
[3]LIU Guangding.On residual basin[J].Petroleum Explora-tionist,1997,2(3):1-4(in Chinese).
[4]LIU Guangding.Building the next Great Wall—The secondround of oil and gas exploration of China[J].Process in Geo-physics,2002,17(2):185-190(in Chinese).
[5]LIU Guangding.A new region of China oil and gas—Pre-Ce-nozoic marine residual basin[J].China Offshore Oil andGas(Geology),2003,17(3):151-152(in Chinese).
[6]JIN Zhijun,PANG Xiongqi,L Xiuxiang.Oil and gas ex-ploration of China marine carbonate rocks[J].PetroleumExplorationist,1998,3(4):66-68(in Chinese).
[7]JIN Zhijun,WANG Qingchen.New advancement in study ofoil and gas accumulation of typical superimposed basins,Chi-na—A example of Tarim basin[J].Science in China(SeriesD),2004,34(Suppl 1):1-12(in Chinese).
[8]MA Yongsheng.Resources and important scientific problemson exploration and its prospecting tactics of marine carbonaterocks in China[J].World Petroleum Industry,2000,7(2):11-14(in Chinese).
[9]MA Yongsheng,GUO Tonglou,FU Xiaoyue,et al.Marinepetroleum geologic characteristics and prospecting potentialin Southern China[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2002,7(3):19-27(in Chinese).
[10]LI Jinchao,MA Yongsheng,ZHANG Dajiang,et al.Someimportant scientific problems on exploration in marine forma-tions of China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1998,25(5):1-2(in Chinese).
[11]L Xiuxiang,JIN Zhijun,PI Xuejun,et al.Hydrocarbon ac-cumulation and distribution in lower Paleozoic carbonates inTarim basin[J].Science in China(SeriesD),1999,29(4):358-361(in Chinese).
[12]L Xiuxiang,JIN Zhijun.Distribution patterns of oil-gasfields in the carbonate rocks[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(3):8-12(in Chinese).
[13]WANG Genhai.Petroleum exploration in the marine strata insouthern China—Exploration situation and proposal[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2000,21(5):1-21(in Chinese).
[14]GAO Ruiqi,ZHAO Zhengzhang.Marine Oil and Gas Geolo-gy and Prospects for Hydrocarbon Exploration in SouthernChina[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001(in Chi-nese).
[15]ZHAO Wenzhi,ZHANG Guangya,HE Haiqing,et al.Ma-rine Petroleum Geology and Superimposed PetroliferousBasins[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002(inChinese).
[16]JIA Chengzao.Outlook of PetroChina s new results and newfields[J].World Petroleum Industry,2003,10(3):20-25(inChinese).
[17]ZHANG Kang,WANG Darui.Some thoughts on petroleumexploration in marine sedimentary basins of China[J].Petro-leum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):9-16(inChinese).
[18]XU Xiaosong,WANG Zhengjiang.Thought clew to searchafter strategic prospecting precincts of oil and gas resourcesin marine facies basins in China[J].Marine Origin Petrole-um Geology,2003,8(1):1-9(in Chinese).
[19]QI U Dongzhou,WANG Zhengjiang.The petroleumgeologiccharacteristics and prospecting tactics of marine sequences inChina[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(2):9-16(in Chinese).
[20]ZHOU Yuqi,YI Ronglong,SHU Wenpei,et al.Oil and GasResources in China[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosci-ences Press,2002(in Chinese).
[21]ZHAO Xianzheng.Petroleumexploration domains and their fu-ture strategiesin the south China[J].Journal ofthe Universityof Petroleum,China,1994,18(1):96-101(in Chinese).
[22]QI AN Kai,LI Benliang,XU Huizhong.Oil and gas explora-tion in marine Paleozoic strata of China[J].Marine OriginPetroleum Geology,2002,7(3):1-9(in Chinese).
[23]QI U Zhongjian,GONG Zaisheng.Oil and Gas Explorationin China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press and Geo-logical Publishing House,1999(in Chinese).
[24]DAI Jinxing,CHENJianfa,ZHONG Ningning,et al.GiantGas Fields and Their Sources in China[M].Beijing:SciencePress,2003(in Chinese).
[25]RAN Longhui,CHEN Gensheng,XU Rensu.The discoveryand found proved reserves of Luojiazhai large gas field in Si-chuan basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2005,10(1):43-47(in Chinese).
[26]JI A Chengzao.Tectonic Characteristics and Oil and Gas inTari m Basin,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum IndustryPress,1997(in Chinese).
[27]JI N Zhijun,WANG Qingchen.The national key basic re-search and development program(973)—The formation anddistribution of oil and gas in typical superi mposed basins ofChina(G1999043300)[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2005,26(3):Illustration 1(in Chinese).
[28]LIUBaojun,LI Tingdong.Some problems of geology[J].Advancein Earth Sciences,2001,16(5):607-616(in Chinese).
[1]李国玉.中国海相古生界和元古宇沉积的含油气远景[J].世界石油工业,1996,3(1):13-16.
[2]李国玉.海相沉积岩是中国石油工业未来的希望[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):5-12.
[3]刘光鼎.试论残留盆地[J].勘探家,1997,2(3):1-4.
[4]刘光鼎.雄关漫道真如铁———论中国油气二次创业[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):185-190.
[5]刘光鼎.中国石油天然气的一个新领域———前新生代海相残留盆地[J].中国海上油气(地质),2003,17(3):151-152.
[6]金之钧,庞雄奇,吕修祥.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探[J].勘探家,1998,3(4):66-68.
[7]金之钧,王清晨.中国典型叠合盆地与油气成藏研究新进展———以塔里木盆地为例[J].中国科学(D),2004,34(增刊1):1-12.
[8]马永生.中国海相碳酸盐岩油气资源、勘探重大科技问题及对策[J].世界石油工业,2000,7(2):11-14.
[9]马永生,郭彤楼,付孝悦,等.中国南方海相石油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):19-27.
[10]李晋超,马永生,张大江,等.中国海相油气勘探若干重大科学问题[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(5):1-2.
[11]吕修祥,金之钧,皮学军,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气聚集与分布[J].中国科学(D),1999,29(4):358-361.
[12]吕修祥,金之钧.碳酸盐岩油气田分布规律[J].石油学报,2000,21(3):8-12.
[13]王根海.中国南方海相地层油气勘探现状及建议[J].石油学报,2000,21(5):1-21.
[14]高瑞祺,赵政璋.中国南方海相油气地质及勘探前景[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[15]赵文智,张光亚,何海清,等.中国海相石油地质与叠合含油气盆地[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[16]贾承造.中国石油勘探的新成果及新领域展望[J].世界石油工业,2003,10(3):20-25.
[17]张抗,王大锐.中国海相油气勘探的启迪[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):9-16.
[18]许效松,汪正江.对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思路[J].海相油气地质,2003,8(1):1-9.
[19]丘东洲,汪正江.中国海相层序油气地质个性与勘探策略[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(2):9-16.
[20]周玉琦,易荣龙,舒文培,等.中国石油与天然气资源[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[21]赵贤正.中国南方油气勘探领域及加快勘探的对策[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994,18(1):96-101.
[22]钱凯,李本亮,许惠中.中国古生界海相地层油气勘探[J].海相油气地质,2002,7(3):1-9.
[23]邱中建,龚再升.中国油气勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社-地质出版社,1999.
[24]戴金星,陈践发,钟宁宁,等.中国大气田及其气源[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[25]冉隆辉,陈更生,徐仁苏.四川盆地罗家寨大型气田的发现和探明[J].海相油气地质,2005,10(1):43-47.
[26]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[27]金之钧,王清晨.国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目———中国典型叠合盆地油气形成与分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(3):插1.
[28]刘宝,李廷栋.地质学的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(5):607-616.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心