边坡动力特性与动力响应的大型振动台模型试验研究
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摘要
设计并完成了1∶10比尺的边坡大型振动台模型试验。试验模型尺寸为2.15 m×3.5 m×1.5 m(高×长×厚),坡角约为38°,采用土体材料制备。通过输入不同类型、幅值、频率的地震波和白噪声激励,探讨地震作用下模型边坡的动力特性与动力响应规律,以及地震动参数对动力特性和动力响应的影响。试验结果表明,随着振动次数的增加,模型边坡自振频率逐渐降低,阻尼比逐渐增大。自振频率降低的幅度随振幅的增大而加大。边坡土体对输入地震波具有明显的放大作用,沿坡面向上,加速度峰值放大系数呈现递增趋势,在坡肩附近急剧增大。在不同地震波作用下,坡面加速度响应具有明显的差异。当输入地震动卓越频率与模型边坡自振频率接近时,坡面加速度峰值放大效应显著增强。随着输入地震动幅值的增加,坡面加速度峰值放大系数呈现明显的递减趋势。边坡土体对输入波的低频部分存在放大作用,对高频部分存在滤波作用。随着输入地震动幅值的加大,土体表现出更强的滤波作用。试验结果有助于揭示边坡在地震作用下的失稳机制,为边坡工程的抗震设计提供有益的参考。
A large-scale shaking table model test of slope with the scale of 1∶10 was introduced.The model slope was built by soil with a height of 2.15 m,length of 3.5 m,thickness of 1.5 m,and a slope angle of 38.°A series of tests were performed with different input seismic wave kinds,amplitudes and frequencies.The dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope under earthquake,as well as the influence of ground motion parameters were discussed.Results show that the natural frequencies of model slope decrease with the increasing vibration number,and the decrease range expands with the increasing earthquake amplitudes,while the damping ratios increase with their increasing.The slope has amplification effect to input seismic waves,and the effect become extremely prominent around the crest of the slope.The acceleration responses have obvious difference under different input seismic waves.The amplification effect of peak acceleration enhances evidently when the predominant excitation frequencies of input seismic waves approach to the natural frequencies of the model slope;and the amplification coefficients of the peak acceleration along slope surface decrease with the increasing earthquake amplitudes.The soil in slope has amplification effect to input seismic waves at high frequency and filtering effect at low frequency;and the filtering effect becomes more prominent with the increase of earthquake amplitudes.The results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of slope instability under earthquake,and provide valuable references for aseismic design of slope engineering.
A large-scale shaking table model test of slope with the scale of 1∶10 was introduced.The model slope was built by soil with a height of 2.15 m,length of 3.5 m,thickness of 1.5 m,and a slope angle of 38.°A series of tests were performed with different input seismic wave kinds,amplitudes and frequencies.The dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope under earthquake,as well as the influence of ground motion parameters were discussed.Results show that the natural frequencies of model slope decrease with the increasing vibration number,and the decrease range expands with the increasing earthquake amplitudes,while the damping ratios increase with their increasing.The slope has amplification effect to input seismic waves,and the effect become extremely prominent around the crest of the slope.The acceleration responses have obvious difference under different input seismic waves.The amplification effect of peak acceleration enhances evidently when the predominant excitation frequencies of input seismic waves approach to the natural frequencies of the model slope;and the amplification coefficients of the peak acceleration along slope surface decrease with the increasing earthquake amplitudes.The soil in slope has amplification effect to input seismic waves at high frequency and filtering effect at low frequency;and the filtering effect becomes more prominent with the increase of earthquake amplitudes.The results are helpful to reveal the mechanism of slope instability under earthquake,and provide valuable references for aseismic design of slope engineering.
引文
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[14]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构–地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20–29.(LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,CHEN Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20–29.(in Chinese))
[15]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2/3):118–133.
[16]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[2]BOUCKOVALAS G D,PAPADIMITRIOU1 A G.Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7–10):547–558.
[3]许红涛,卢文波,周创兵,等.基于时程分析的岩质高边坡开挖爆破动力稳定性计算方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2 213–2 219.(XU Hongtao,LU Wenbo,ZHOU Chuangbing,et al.Time history analysis method for evaluating dynamic stability of high rock slope under excavation blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 213–2 219.(in Chinese))
[4]祁生文.单面边坡的两种动力反应形式及其临界高度[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):518–523.(QI Shengwen.Two patterns of dynamic responses of single-free-surface slopes and their threshold height[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(2):518–523.(in Chinese))
[5]周永江,王开云,符文熹,等.高地震烈度区堆积体边坡动力响应时程特征分析[J].山地学报,2007,25(1):93–98.(ZHOU Yongjiang,WANG Kaiyun,FU Wenxi,et al.Analysis of time history dynamic response of a rockfall-type slope under high earthquake intensity[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2007,25(1):93–98.(in Chinese))
[6]凌贤长,郭明珠,王东升,等.液化场地桩基桥梁震害响应大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(1):7–10,22.(LING Xianzhang,GUO Mingzhu,WANG Dongsheng,et al.Large-scale shaking table model test of seismic response of bridge of pile foundation in ground of liquefaction[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(1):7–10,22.(in Chinese))
[7]凌贤长,王丽霞,王东升,等.非自由液化场地地基动力性能大型振动台模型试验研究[J].中国公路学报,2005,18(2):34–39.(LING Xianzhang,WANG Lixia,WANG Dongsheng,et al.Study on large-scale shaking table proportional model test of the dynamic property of foundation in unfreedom ground of liquefaction[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2005,18(2):34–39.(in Chinese))
[8]陈国兴,庄海洋,杜修力,等.土–地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验——试验结果分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2007,27(1):164–170.(CHEN Guoxing,ZHUANG Haiyang,DU Xiuli,et al.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction:analysis of test results[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2007,27(1):164–170.(in Chinese))
[9]陈国兴,王志华,宰金珉.土与结构动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].世界地震工程,2002,18(4):47–54.(CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,ZAI Jinmin.Shaking table model test of soil-structure dynamic interaction system[J].Word Earthquake Engineering,2002,18(4):47–54.(in Chinese))
[10]王志华,刘汉龙,陈国兴,等.土–结构相互作用效应对结构基底地震动影响的试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(3):132–137.(WANG Zhihua,LIU Hanlong,CHEN Guoxing,et al.Experimental study on effects of dynamic soil-structure interaction on foundation motions of structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(3):132–137.(in Chinese))
[11]孟上九,刘汉龙,袁晓铭,等.可液化地基上建筑物不均匀震陷机制的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(11):1 978–1 985.(MENG Shangjiu,LIU Hanlong,YUAN Xiaoming,et al.Experimental study on the mechanism of earthquake-induced differential settlement of building on liquescent subsoil[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(11):1 978–1 985.(in Chinese))
[12]武思宇,宋二祥,刘华北,等.刚性桩复合地基的振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(11):1 334–1 337.(WU Siyu,SONG Erxiang,LIU Huabei,et al.Shaking table test of composite foundation with rigid pile[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(11):1 334–1 337.(in Chinese))
[13]钱德玲,赵元一,王东坡.桩–土–结构体系动力相互作用的试验研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(11):1 856–1 861.(QIAN Deling,ZHAO Yuanyi,WANG Dongpo.Experimental study on the dynamic interaction of squeezed branch pile-soil-structure system by shaking table test[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(11):1 856–1 861.(in Chinese))
[14]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构–地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20–29.(LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,CHEN Bo,et al.Shaking table testing of dynamic soil-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(4):20–29.(in Chinese))
[15]LIN M L,WANG K L.Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test[J].Engineering Geology,2006,86(2/3):118–133.
[16]刘小生,王钟宁,汪小刚,等.面板坝大型振动台模型试验与动力分析[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.(LIU Xiaosheng,WANG Zhongning,WANG Xiaogang,et al.Shaking table model test and dynamic analysis of core faceplate rockfill dam[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005.(in Chinese))
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