地震灾害对四川省区域生态系统危害及损失评价
|
摘要
地震是自然灾害中最为严重的一种,其带来的生态破坏灾难巨大,区域生态系统损害估算是目前研究中的难点问题之一。对我国西部地震的生态损失特点进行了研究,系统总结国内外地震灾害的生态系统损失评估成果,提出了西部地震生态损失评估模型:Eq=ED+ERC+ERL,利用指数分析法和机会成本法等构建了地震研究的基本计算模型和理论,提出用地震生态损失量和地震生态损失灾害度相结合的办法来研究具体区域生态系统的地震灾害损失。利用模型计算,四川省在本次地震中森林碳汇储备能力每年损失78.1万t,损失价值2.5×108元,森林释放氧气能力降低67.38万t,损失价值2.7×108元。直接生态系统损失(ED)647.58×108元,生态系统恢复费用(ERC)1158.31×108元,全省森林生态系统生态服务价值损失达1055.88×108元,综合生态损失在3527.31×108元,灾度0.38,属于明显灾害破坏。灾害损失和灾害度的快速评估对于指导灾后生态系统重建工作和生态系统工程的防灾都具有重要的积极作用。
As one of the most serious natural disasters,earthquake normally brings huge ecosystem damage.But the quantitative assessment to this kind of ecosystem damage is relevant difficult.This paper studied the ecological characteristics of the earthquake losses in western China.After analysing the recent research of earthquake-caused ecosysteml losses assessment,an ecosystem loss assessment model for the western China earthquake is proposed in this paper:Eq=ED+ERC+ERL,Index analysis and the opportunity cost method are used to build up the basic theory and calculation model of the earthquake study.A method of combining the earthquake ecological loss and the disaster degree of the earthquake ecological damage is proposed for the purpose of earthquake ecological damage estimation in certain regions.By using this model,the forest carbon reserve capacity in Sichuan Province gets an annual loss of 781,000t after the earthquake,which counts for the value loss up to 2.5×108 yuan,while the capability of forests releasing oxygen reduces 673,800t annually,with the value loss of 2.7×108 yuan.Direct ecosystem loss(ED)is 647.58×108 yuan,while ecosystem restoration cost(ERC)is 1158.31×108 yuan.The provincial forest ecological service value losses amounts to 1055.88×108 yuan.The integrated ecological damage is 3527.31×108 yuan,with the disaster degree being 0.38,sorted to the obvious disaster damage.The rapid assessment of the disaster losses and the disaster degree have important positive impact to guide post-disaster ecosystem reconstruction and ecological disaster prevention.
As one of the most serious natural disasters,earthquake normally brings huge ecosystem damage.But the quantitative assessment to this kind of ecosystem damage is relevant difficult.This paper studied the ecological characteristics of the earthquake losses in western China.After analysing the recent research of earthquake-caused ecosysteml losses assessment,an ecosystem loss assessment model for the western China earthquake is proposed in this paper:Eq=ED+ERC+ERL,Index analysis and the opportunity cost method are used to build up the basic theory and calculation model of the earthquake study.A method of combining the earthquake ecological loss and the disaster degree of the earthquake ecological damage is proposed for the purpose of earthquake ecological damage estimation in certain regions.By using this model,the forest carbon reserve capacity in Sichuan Province gets an annual loss of 781,000t after the earthquake,which counts for the value loss up to 2.5×108 yuan,while the capability of forests releasing oxygen reduces 673,800t annually,with the value loss of 2.7×108 yuan.Direct ecosystem loss(ED)is 647.58×108 yuan,while ecosystem restoration cost(ERC)is 1158.31×108 yuan.The provincial forest ecological service value losses amounts to 1055.88×108 yuan.The integrated ecological damage is 3527.31×108 yuan,with the disaster degree being 0.38,sorted to the obvious disaster damage.The rapid assessment of the disaster losses and the disaster degree have important positive impact to guide post-disaster ecosystem reconstruction and ecological disaster prevention.
引文
[1]Wen-Tzu Lin,Wen-Chieh Chou,Chao-Yuan Lin,Pi-Hui Huang,Jing-Shyan Tsai.Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan.Forest Ecology and Management,2005,210(3):55-66.
[2]BoumansR,CostanzaR,FarleyJ,et al.Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem service susing the GUMBO mode.Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):529-560.
[3]R,d′ArgeR,Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,2002,387(15):253-260.
[4]Rudolf S.de Groot,MatthewA.Wilson,Roelof M.J.Boumans.Atypology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystemfunctions Goods and ervices.Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):393-408.
[5]Eullia Grcia,Raimon Palls,Juan Ignacio Soto,Menchu Comas,Ximena Moreno,Eullia Masana,Pere Santanach,Susana Diez,Margarita Garc姫a,Juanjo Dan obeitia.Active faulting offshore SE Spain(Alboran Sea):Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the Southern Iberian Margin.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,241(4):734-749.
[6]Feyza Cinicioglu S,Ilknur Bozbey,Sadik Oztoprak,Kubilay Kelesoglu M.An integrated earthquake damage assessment methodology and its application for two districts in Istanbul,Turkey.Engineering Geology,2007,94(3-4):145-165.
[7]Wen-Tzu Lin Chao-Yuan Lin,Wen-Chieh Chou.Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake:A case study in Central Taiwan.Ecological Engineering,2006,28(1):79-89.
[8]Michael W.Tantala Guy J P.Nordenson George Deodatis,Klaus Jacob.Earthquake loss estimation for the New York City Metropolitan Region.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(11):812-835.
[9]Juliet F Bird,Julian J.Bommer.Earthquake losses due to ground failure.Engineering Geology,2004,75(2):147-179.
[10]Robert J.Losey.Earthquakes and tsunami as elements of environmental disturbance on the Northwest Coast of North America.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,2005,24(2):101-116.
[11]Ergonul S.A probabilistic approach for earthquake loss estimation.Structural Safety,2005,27(4):309-321.
[12]Chen Zhong-Xin,Zhang Xin-Shi.The value of ecosystem effective in china.Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(1):17-22.
[13]Liu MC,Li D Q,Wen Y M,Luan X F.The spatial analysis of soil retention function in Sanjiangyuan region and its value evaluation.China Environmental Science,2005,25(2):1280-1287.
[14]Zhang S F,Yu P,Sun B.Estimating Compensation for Damaged Vegetation Ecosystem in Shaanxi Province based on HEA.Resources Science,2007,29(6):61-68.
[15]Anjali Bahuguna,Shailesh Nayak,Dam Roy.Impact of the tsunami and earthquake of26th December2004on the vital coastal ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands assessed using RESOURCESATAWiFS data.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,10(2):229-237
[16]Juliet F Bird,Julian J.Bommer,Helen Crowley,Rui Pinho.Modellingliquefaction-induced building damage in earthquake loss estimation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(1):15-30
[17]Bao W K,Wang C M.Degradation mechanism of mountain ecosystem at the dry valley in the upper reaches of the minjiang river.Journal of Mountain Research,2000,18(1):57-62.
[18]Wolong vegetation and plant resources in the preparation group.Wolong vegetation and plant resources.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1987.111-115.
[19]Wu N.Degradation of mountain ecosystems restoration and reconstruction——the upper reaches of the Minjiang theory and practice.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2007.198-210.
[12]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值.科学通报,2000,45(1):17～22.
[13]刘敏超,李迪强,温琰茂,栾晓峰.三江源地区生态系统生态功能分析及其价值评估.环境科学学报,2005,25(9):1280～1287.
[14]张思锋,余平,孙博.基于HEA方法的陕西省受损植被生态服务功能补偿评估.资源科学,2007,29(6):61～68.
[17]包维楷,王春明.岷江上游山地生态系统退化机制.山地学报,2000,18(1):57～62.
[18]卧龙植被及资源植物编写组.卧龙植被及资源植物.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987.111～115.
[19]吴宁.山地退化生态系统的恢复重建——理论与岷江上游的实践.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007.198～210.
[2]BoumansR,CostanzaR,FarleyJ,et al.Modeling the dynamics of the integrated earth system and the value of global ecosystem service susing the GUMBO mode.Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):529-560.
[3]R,d′ArgeR,Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital.Nature,2002,387(15):253-260.
[4]Rudolf S.de Groot,MatthewA.Wilson,Roelof M.J.Boumans.Atypology for the classification,description and valuation of ecosystemfunctions Goods and ervices.Ecological Economics,2002,41(3):393-408.
[5]Eullia Grcia,Raimon Palls,Juan Ignacio Soto,Menchu Comas,Ximena Moreno,Eullia Masana,Pere Santanach,Susana Diez,Margarita Garc姫a,Juanjo Dan obeitia.Active faulting offshore SE Spain(Alboran Sea):Implications for earthquake hazard assessment in the Southern Iberian Margin.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2006,241(4):734-749.
[6]Feyza Cinicioglu S,Ilknur Bozbey,Sadik Oztoprak,Kubilay Kelesoglu M.An integrated earthquake damage assessment methodology and its application for two districts in Istanbul,Turkey.Engineering Geology,2007,94(3-4):145-165.
[7]Wen-Tzu Lin Chao-Yuan Lin,Wen-Chieh Chou.Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake:A case study in Central Taiwan.Ecological Engineering,2006,28(1):79-89.
[8]Michael W.Tantala Guy J P.Nordenson George Deodatis,Klaus Jacob.Earthquake loss estimation for the New York City Metropolitan Region.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2008,28(11):812-835.
[9]Juliet F Bird,Julian J.Bommer.Earthquake losses due to ground failure.Engineering Geology,2004,75(2):147-179.
[10]Robert J.Losey.Earthquakes and tsunami as elements of environmental disturbance on the Northwest Coast of North America.Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,2005,24(2):101-116.
[11]Ergonul S.A probabilistic approach for earthquake loss estimation.Structural Safety,2005,27(4):309-321.
[12]Chen Zhong-Xin,Zhang Xin-Shi.The value of ecosystem effective in china.Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(1):17-22.
[13]Liu MC,Li D Q,Wen Y M,Luan X F.The spatial analysis of soil retention function in Sanjiangyuan region and its value evaluation.China Environmental Science,2005,25(2):1280-1287.
[14]Zhang S F,Yu P,Sun B.Estimating Compensation for Damaged Vegetation Ecosystem in Shaanxi Province based on HEA.Resources Science,2007,29(6):61-68.
[15]Anjali Bahuguna,Shailesh Nayak,Dam Roy.Impact of the tsunami and earthquake of26th December2004on the vital coastal ecosystems of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands assessed using RESOURCESATAWiFS data.International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2008,10(2):229-237
[16]Juliet F Bird,Julian J.Bommer,Helen Crowley,Rui Pinho.Modellingliquefaction-induced building damage in earthquake loss estimation.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(1):15-30
[17]Bao W K,Wang C M.Degradation mechanism of mountain ecosystem at the dry valley in the upper reaches of the minjiang river.Journal of Mountain Research,2000,18(1):57-62.
[18]Wolong vegetation and plant resources in the preparation group.Wolong vegetation and plant resources.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1987.111-115.
[19]Wu N.Degradation of mountain ecosystems restoration and reconstruction——the upper reaches of the Minjiang theory and practice.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,2007.198-210.
[12]陈仲新,张新时.中国生态系统效益的价值.科学通报,2000,45(1):17～22.
[13]刘敏超,李迪强,温琰茂,栾晓峰.三江源地区生态系统生态功能分析及其价值评估.环境科学学报,2005,25(9):1280～1287.
[14]张思锋,余平,孙博.基于HEA方法的陕西省受损植被生态服务功能补偿评估.资源科学,2007,29(6):61～68.
[17]包维楷,王春明.岷江上游山地生态系统退化机制.山地学报,2000,18(1):57～62.
[18]卧龙植被及资源植物编写组.卧龙植被及资源植物.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1987.111～115.
[19]吴宁.山地退化生态系统的恢复重建——理论与岷江上游的实践.成都:四川科学技术出版社,2007.198～210.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心