临震卫星热红外异常的机理分析
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摘要
围绕卫星红外异常预测地震方法的理论基础——临震红外异常的成因机制问题,简介前人基于实验的各种假说;结合红外遥感和地面观测实际进行验证和评述;从红外遥感理论依据——斯忒藩-玻耳兹曼定律出发加以分析,针对临震热红外异常出现时间的短暂性、范围的区域性、增幅的显著性等特点加以具体运用,从理论和实践的结合上,对红外异常的机理和红外遥感地震的方法,进行评述和展望。
In this paper,the infrared anomaly related with impending earthquakes is analyzed as the basis for forecasting tectonic earthquakes by satellite thermal infrared anomaly.Many hypotheses based on experiments are reviewed,in the light of the infrared image analysis and ground observations.Their theoretical basis--Stefan-Boltzmann law is applied to analyze the features of infrared anomaly,including the transient features in time,the regional features in space and the amplitude variation features in temperature.The paper focuses on the method of forecasting earthquake with satellite infrared remote sensing.
In this paper,the infrared anomaly related with impending earthquakes is analyzed as the basis for forecasting tectonic earthquakes by satellite thermal infrared anomaly.Many hypotheses based on experiments are reviewed,in the light of the infrared image analysis and ground observations.Their theoretical basis--Stefan-Boltzmann law is applied to analyze the features of infrared anomaly,including the transient features in time,the regional features in space and the amplitude variation features in temperature.The paper focuses on the method of forecasting earthquake with satellite infrared remote sensing.
引文
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[8]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part II:IRR T-Curve abnormalities[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):483-493.
[9]王庆良,王文萍,梁伟锋,等.应力-耗散热地温前兆机理研究.地震学报,1998,20(5):529-534.WANG Qinglian,WANG Wenping,LIANG Weifeng,et al.Stress-dissipative heat geotemperature precursor mechanism of earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1998,20(5):529-534.
[10]张治洮.地震预测的新方法——简易黑罩法简介[J].西北地质,1995,16(1):42.ZHANG Zhitao.A new method for earthquake prediction-brief introduction of a sample black cover method[J].Northwestern Geology,1995,16(1):42
[11]郭子祺.航天遥感技术进行短临地震预报评述[J].遥感信息,1998,2:13-15.GUO Ziqi.Comment on study of prediction of short-term and impending earthquake by remote sensing techniques[J].Remote Sensing Information,1998,2:13-15.
[12]ГОРНЫЙВИ.地球热红外辐射——地震活动性的标志[J].AH CCP,1988,30(1):67-69.ГОРНЫЙВИ.The earth outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity[J].Proceeding of Academy of Sciences of the USSR,AH CCP,1988,30(1):67-69.
[13]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.非增温背景下的热红外异常兼机制讨论[J].科学通报,1991,36(11):841-844.XU Xiudeng,QIANG Zuji,DIAN Changgong.Thermal infrared anomalies under the non-temperature-increment background and the mechanism discussion[J].Chin Sci Bull,1991,36(11):841-844.
[14]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.临震大气增温异常成因的初步认识[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):123-127.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,MA Shengdeng,et al.Preliminary inquiry into the causes of anomaly increase of air temperature by an impending earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1995,17(1):123-127.
[15]卢振权,吴必豪,等.中近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温异常探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):74-81.LU Zhenquan,WU Bihao,et al.Brightness temperature anomalies in satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensing along the offshore china seas[J].Geoscience,2005,19(1):74-81.
[16]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.QIANG Zuji,KONG Lingchang,GUO Muanhong,et al.An experimental study on temperature increasing mechanism of satellitic thermo infrared[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.
[17]OUZOUNOV D,FREUND F.Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data[J].Advances in Space Research,2004,33:268-273.
[18]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.电场作用与大气增温效应的再试验[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(1):27-31.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,MA Shengdeng,et al.Reexperiment on the action of the electric field and the effect of the air temperature increase[J].Northwestern Seismological J,1997,19(1):27-31.
[19]郝建,唐天明,李德瑞.大气电场异常作为地震前兆信息效能的统计评估[J].中地震,1998,14(2):167-172.HAO Jianguo,TANG Tianming,LI Derui.Evaluating the statistical validity regard static electric field anomalies as earthquake precursors[J].Earthquake Research in China,1998,14(2):167-172.
[20]张仁华.对于定量热红外遥感的一些思考[J].土资源遥感,1999,1:1-5.ZHANG Renhua.Some thinking on quantiative thermal infrared remote sensing[J].Remote Sens Land Res,1999,1:1-5.
[21]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭,等.临震热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1991,36(4):219-294.XU Xiudeng,QIANG Zuji,DIAN Changgong,et al.Impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared and ground temperature increase anomalies[J].Chin Sci Bull,1991,36(4):219-294.
[2]蔡永恩,等.地震前断层蠕动与地温异常的探讨[J].地震学报,1987,10(2):165-174.CAI Yongen,et al.A study on preseismic fault creep and ground temperature anomaly[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1987,10(2):165-174.
[3]耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德,等.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端[J].地震学报,1992,14(增):645-652.GENG Naiguang,CUI Chengyu,DENG Mingde,et al.Remote sensing observation in fracture experiment of rocks and opening of rock mechanics of remote sensing[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1992,14(Suppl):645-652.
[4]刘善军,吴立新.岩石受力的红外辐射效应[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2005.LIU Shanjun,WU Lixin.Infrared radiation effect of loaded rocks[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2005.
[5]WU L X,CUI C Y,GENG N G,et al.Remote sensing rock mechanics(RSRM)and associated experimental studies[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2000,37(6):879-888.
[6]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感岩石力学(I):非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.WU Lixin,LIU Shanjun,WU Yuhua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(I):Laws of thermal infrared radiation from fracturing of discontinous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chin J Rock Mech Eng,2004,23(1):24-30.
[7]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part I:IRR image abnormalities[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):473-482.
[8]WU L X,LIU S J,WU Y H,et al.Precursors for rock fracturing and failure-Part II:IRR T-Curve abnormalities[J].Int J Rock Mech Mining Sci,2006,43(3):483-493.
[9]王庆良,王文萍,梁伟锋,等.应力-耗散热地温前兆机理研究.地震学报,1998,20(5):529-534.WANG Qinglian,WANG Wenping,LIANG Weifeng,et al.Stress-dissipative heat geotemperature precursor mechanism of earthquakes[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1998,20(5):529-534.
[10]张治洮.地震预测的新方法——简易黑罩法简介[J].西北地质,1995,16(1):42.ZHANG Zhitao.A new method for earthquake prediction-brief introduction of a sample black cover method[J].Northwestern Geology,1995,16(1):42
[11]郭子祺.航天遥感技术进行短临地震预报评述[J].遥感信息,1998,2:13-15.GUO Ziqi.Comment on study of prediction of short-term and impending earthquake by remote sensing techniques[J].Remote Sensing Information,1998,2:13-15.
[12]ГОРНЫЙВИ.地球热红外辐射——地震活动性的标志[J].AH CCP,1988,30(1):67-69.ГОРНЫЙВИ.The earth outgoing IR radiation as an indicator of seismic activity[J].Proceeding of Academy of Sciences of the USSR,AH CCP,1988,30(1):67-69.
[13]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭.非增温背景下的热红外异常兼机制讨论[J].科学通报,1991,36(11):841-844.XU Xiudeng,QIANG Zuji,DIAN Changgong.Thermal infrared anomalies under the non-temperature-increment background and the mechanism discussion[J].Chin Sci Bull,1991,36(11):841-844.
[14]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.临震大气增温异常成因的初步认识[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):123-127.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,MA Shengdeng,et al.Preliminary inquiry into the causes of anomaly increase of air temperature by an impending earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1995,17(1):123-127.
[15]卢振权,吴必豪,等.中近海海域卫星热红外亮温增温异常探讨[J].现代地质,2005,19(1):74-81.LU Zhenquan,WU Bihao,et al.Brightness temperature anomalies in satellite-based thermal infrared remote sensing along the offshore china seas[J].Geoscience,2005,19(1):74-81.
[16]强祖基,孔令昌,郭满红,等.卫星热红外增温机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.QIANG Zuji,KONG Lingchang,GUO Muanhong,et al.An experimental study on temperature increasing mechanism of satellitic thermo infrared[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.
[17]OUZOUNOV D,FREUND F.Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data[J].Advances in Space Research,2004,33:268-273.
[18]徐秀登,徐向民,马升灯,等.电场作用与大气增温效应的再试验[J].西北地震学报,1997,19(1):27-31.XU Xiudeng,XU Xiangmin,MA Shengdeng,et al.Reexperiment on the action of the electric field and the effect of the air temperature increase[J].Northwestern Seismological J,1997,19(1):27-31.
[19]郝建,唐天明,李德瑞.大气电场异常作为地震前兆信息效能的统计评估[J].中地震,1998,14(2):167-172.HAO Jianguo,TANG Tianming,LI Derui.Evaluating the statistical validity regard static electric field anomalies as earthquake precursors[J].Earthquake Research in China,1998,14(2):167-172.
[20]张仁华.对于定量热红外遥感的一些思考[J].土资源遥感,1999,1:1-5.ZHANG Renhua.Some thinking on quantiative thermal infrared remote sensing[J].Remote Sens Land Res,1999,1:1-5.
[21]徐秀登,强祖基,赁常恭,等.临震热红外异常与地面增温异常[J].科学通报,1991,36(4):219-294.XU Xiudeng,QIANG Zuji,DIAN Changgong,et al.Impending-earthquake satellite thermal infrared and ground temperature increase anomalies[J].Chin Sci Bull,1991,36(4):219-294.
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