岩石热破裂与渗透性相关规律的试验研究
摘要
岩石热破裂是一类极为普遍的自然与工程现象。利用"600℃20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机系统"进行砂岩和花岗岩在常温至600℃范围内的声发射特征和渗透性演化规律的试验研究,揭示岩石的热破裂规律与渗透性的相关特征,其结果如下:(1)花岗岩和砂岩受热作用,在常温到600℃区间,其热破裂存在一个清晰的门槛值。从声发射特征来看,永城细砂岩与鲁灰花岗岩的热破裂门槛值分别为170℃和65℃。(2)岩石热破裂门槛值之后,随温度升高,热破裂呈间断性与多期性变化特征,从常温到600℃,既非单调增加,也非单调减少,一般存在2个以上的峰值区间。(3)随着温度的升高,伴随岩石峰值破裂段的发生,岩石的渗透率也呈现出同步的多个峰值段,伴随着声发射平静期滞后出现渗透率相对降低区,但渗透率仍然维持在一个较高水平,而且随着声发射剧烈期出现次数的增加,渗透率愈来愈大。
Thermal cracking of rock is a very common natural phenomenon in engineering.The experiments on acoustic emission(AE) characteristics and permeability evolution of sandstone and granite were carried out at temperature ranging from room temperature(RT) to 600 ℃ by using 600 ℃ 20 MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing machine with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP);and it reveals the related features between thermal cracking law and induced permeability.The results show as follows:(1) There exists a thermal-cracking threshold value in the heating process from RT to 600 ℃ as a result of thermal effect.According to AE characteristics induced by rock thermal cracking,the cracking threshold temperature of granite from Pingyi,Shandong Province in China is 65 ℃ and the one of fine-grained sandstone from Yongcheng,Henan Province in China is 170 ℃,respectively.(2) The behavior of rock thermal cracking is discontinuity and multi-period from RT to 600 ℃ with temperature rising over the threshold temperature.It neither increases nor reduces monotonously in the heating process;and there exist more than two peak value areas.(3) The rock permeability appears multi-peak value area because of the multi-period of thermal cracking with temperature increasing.The relative lowering permeability lag occurs after the quietude of AE in the peak value area of permeability.But the permeability remains in a high level and it is more and more high with the increasing happening times of AE drastic period.
Thermal cracking of rock is a very common natural phenomenon in engineering.The experiments on acoustic emission(AE) characteristics and permeability evolution of sandstone and granite were carried out at temperature ranging from room temperature(RT) to 600 ℃ by using 600 ℃ 20 MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing machine with high temperature and high pressure (HTHP);and it reveals the related features between thermal cracking law and induced permeability.The results show as follows:(1) There exists a thermal-cracking threshold value in the heating process from RT to 600 ℃ as a result of thermal effect.According to AE characteristics induced by rock thermal cracking,the cracking threshold temperature of granite from Pingyi,Shandong Province in China is 65 ℃ and the one of fine-grained sandstone from Yongcheng,Henan Province in China is 170 ℃,respectively.(2) The behavior of rock thermal cracking is discontinuity and multi-period from RT to 600 ℃ with temperature rising over the threshold temperature.It neither increases nor reduces monotonously in the heating process;and there exist more than two peak value areas.(3) The rock permeability appears multi-peak value area because of the multi-period of thermal cracking with temperature increasing.The relative lowering permeability lag occurs after the quietude of AE in the peak value area of permeability.But the permeability remains in a high level and it is more and more high with the increasing happening times of AE drastic period.
引文
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[5]MORROW C,LOCKNER D,MOORE D,et al.Permeability of granite in a temperature gradient[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.1981,86(B4):3002-3008.
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[12]张渊,赵阳升,万志军,等.不同温度条件下孔隙压力对长石细砂岩渗透率影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):53-58.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental study on effect of pore pressure on feldspar fine sandstone permeability under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):53-58.(in Chinese))
[13]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHANG Xian,ZHAO Yangsheng.Process of sandstone thermal cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):656-659.(in Chinese))
[14]张宁,赵阳升,万志军,等.三维应力下热破裂对花岗岩渗流规律影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):118-123.(ZHANG Ning,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental research on seepage laws of granite under thermal cracking action with3D stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):118-123.(in Chinese))
[15]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[16]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天合,等.显微CT试验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28-34.(ZHAO Yangsheng,MENG Qiaorong,KANG Tianhe,et al.Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):28-34.(in Chinese))
[17]WANG H F,BONNER B P,CARLSON S R,et al.Thermal stress cracking in granite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(B2):1745-1758.
[2]康志勤,赵阳升,孟巧荣,等.油页岩热破裂规律的显微CT试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(3):842-848.(KANG Zhiqin,ZHAO Yangsheng,MENG Qiaorong,et al.Micro-CT experimental research on oil shale thermal cracking laws[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(3):842-848.(in Chinese))
[3]SOMERTON W H,GUPTA V S.Role of fluxing agents in thermal alteration of sandstone[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1965,17(5):585-588.
[4]HEARD H C.Thermal expansion and inferred permeability of climax quarts monzonite to300℃and27.6MPa[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1980,17(5):289-296.
[5]MORROW C,LOCKNER D,MOORE D,et al.Permeability of granite in a temperature gradient[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.1981,86(B4):3002-3008.
[6]HOMAND-ETIENNE F,HOUPERT R.Thermally induced microcraking in granites:characterization and analysis[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1989,26(2):125-134.
[7]KEMENY J,ZOMENI Z.A comparison of eight methods for measuring grain and boundary cracking in heated quartzite samples[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1998,35(4):506-507.
[8]陈顒,吴晓东,张福勤.岩石热开裂的试验研究[J].科学通报,1999,44(8):880-883.(CHEN Yong,WU Xiaodong,ZHANG Fuqin.Experimental research on rock thermal cracking[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1999,44(8):880-883.(in Chinese))
[9]ZHANG S Q,MERVYN S P,STEPHEN F C.Microcrack growth and healing in deformed calcite aggregates[J].Tectonophysics,2001,335(1-2):17-36.
[10]李纪汉,刘晓红,郝晋昇.温度对岩石的弹性波速和声发射的影响[J].地震学报,1986,8(3):293-300.(LI Jihan,LIU Xiaohong,HAO Jinsheng.Temperature effect on the elastic wave velocity and acoustic emission of rocks samples[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1986,8(3):293-300.(in Chinese))
[11]左建平,谢和平,周宏伟,等.不同温度作用下砂岩热开裂的试验研究[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(ZUO Jianping,XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Experimental research on thermal cracking of sandstone under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1150-1155.(in Chinese))
[12]张渊,赵阳升,万志军,等.不同温度条件下孔隙压力对长石细砂岩渗透率影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):53-58.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental study on effect of pore pressure on feldspar fine sandstone permeability under different temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):53-58.(in Chinese))
[13]张渊,张贤,赵阳升.砂岩的热破裂过程[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):656-659.(ZHANG Yuan,ZHANG Xian,ZHAO Yangsheng.Process of sandstone thermal cracking[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):656-659.(in Chinese))
[14]张宁,赵阳升,万志军,等.三维应力下热破裂对花岗岩渗流规律影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):118-123.(ZHANG Ning,ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,et al.Experimental research on seepage laws of granite under thermal cracking action with3D stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):118-123.(in Chinese))
[15]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1-8.(ZHAO Yangsheng,WAN Zhijun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of20MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[16]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天合,等.显微CT试验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28-34.(ZHAO Yangsheng,MENG Qiaorong,KANG Tianhe,et al.Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):28-34.(in Chinese))
[17]WANG H F,BONNER B P,CARLSON S R,et al.Thermal stress cracking in granite[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1989,94(B2):1745-1758.
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