遥感-岩石力学(II)——断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义
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摘要
以构造地震孕震机制之二即断层粘滑发震为模拟对象,利用双轴加载实验系统和红外热像仪,对4类断层组合条件下双剪粘滑过程中的红外辐射温度场的时空演变特征进行了模拟实验研究。研究表明:断层表面温度场的时空演变不仅与应力水平有关,还与组成摩擦面的两侧岩性及其粗糙度有关。具体表现在:(1) 应力集中和摩擦作用强的区域,其红外辐射较强;而应力松弛和摩擦作用弱的区域其红外辐射较弱。(2) 当两断层岩性及摩擦面条件对称时,红外热像呈双蝶翼形;当摩擦面粗糙,红外热像呈非对称、非均衡时空演变特征,如串珠状、针状、倒针状、条带状、单蝶翼形或其依次变化。卫星热红外遥感与差分干涉雷达(D-INSAR)技术相结合,并以活动断层预滑及其后续粘滑为监测重点,可望成为构造地震遥感监测和地震短临时-空-强预报的新途径。
The viscosity-sliding of bi-sheared faults is the second mechanism of tectonic earthquake. By using of biaxial loading system and thermal infrared (TIR) imaging system,the TIR radiation features of four kinds of composed faults were experimentally studied in the process of bi-sheared viscosity-sliding. It is revealed that the time-space evolution of rock surfaces TIR radiation temperature field is not only related to stress,but also to the conditions of friction surface as well as the rock properties of its both sides. The TIR radiation is stronger in the location of stress concentration and strong friction than that in the location of stress relaxation and weak friction. In condition of symmetrical rock properties and friction surface of both faults,the TIR image is double butterfly-wings shaped. In condition of rough friction surface,the time-space evaluation of TIR image is un-symmetrical and un-balanced e. g. beads-shaped,needle-shaped,suspended needle-shaped,strip-shaped,single butterfly-wings shaped or shape changed in sequence. If satellite TIR remote sensing is combined with differential INSAR technology,and the pre-sliding action and its subsequent sliding actions of active faults are taken as the monitoring focuses,it would be a prospecting new technology for the remote sensing monitoring and the short-term-time-location-magnitude forecasting for tectonic earthquake.
The viscosity-sliding of bi-sheared faults is the second mechanism of tectonic earthquake. By using of biaxial loading system and thermal infrared (TIR) imaging system,the TIR radiation features of four kinds of composed faults were experimentally studied in the process of bi-sheared viscosity-sliding. It is revealed that the time-space evolution of rock surfaces TIR radiation temperature field is not only related to stress,but also to the conditions of friction surface as well as the rock properties of its both sides. The TIR radiation is stronger in the location of stress concentration and strong friction than that in the location of stress relaxation and weak friction. In condition of symmetrical rock properties and friction surface of both faults,the TIR image is double butterfly-wings shaped. In condition of rough friction surface,the time-space evaluation of TIR image is un-symmetrical and un-balanced e. g. beads-shaped,needle-shaped,suspended needle-shaped,strip-shaped,single butterfly-wings shaped or shape changed in sequence. If satellite TIR remote sensing is combined with differential INSAR technology,and the pre-sliding action and its subsequent sliding actions of active faults are taken as the monitoring focuses,it would be a prospecting new technology for the remote sensing monitoring and the short-term-time-location-magnitude forecasting for tectonic earthquake.
引文
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2强祖基,徐秀登,赁常恭.卫星热红外异常临震前兆[J].科学通报,1990,35(17):1324～1327
3Tro ninAA.Satel litethe rmalsurv ey: anew too lfo rthes tudyofseismoac tiveregions[J].I nt.JRemoteSensing,1996,17(8):1439～1455
4 QiangZJ ,Dian CG,L iLZ,etal.Sat ellitethe rmalIRin creasetempe ratureano malou sfie ldwithim min entandshor t-termpred iction beforeearthquake[A].In :Proc.ofIEAS'97&IWGIS'97[C].Beiji ng:[s.n.],1997,1266～1270
5孔令昌,强祖基.台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常[J].地震学刊,1997,(3):34～37,48
6强祖基,赁常恭,李玲芝等.卫星热红外图像亮温异常:短临震兆[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(6):564～574
7吕琪琦,丁鉴海,崔承禹等.张北6.2级地震前的卫星热红外异常[J].地震,1998,18(3):2 40～244
8CuiCY,Zh angJK,XiaoQ,e tal .Monitori ngtheth ermalIRano malyofZhan gbeiearth qu akeprecur sorbys atelliteremotesensingtechnique[A].In:P roc.20thAsiaRSCongress[C ].HongKong:[s.n.],1999,1 179～11 84
9L iuDF ,PengKY, Liu WH,etal .Therearet her malprecursorsforea rthquake[J].ACTASeismologicaSINICA,1999,21(6):652～656
10耿乃光,于萍,邓明德等.热红外震兆成因的模拟实验研究[J].地震,1998,18(1):83～88
11耿乃光,崔承禹,邓明德.岩石破裂实验中的遥感观测与遥感岩石力学的开端[J].地震学报,1992, 14(增) :645～6 52
12WuLX,Cu iCY,Gen gNG, etal.Remotesens ing rockmechan ics(RSRM)and associatedexperimentalstudies[J].Int.J.RockMech.&Min.Sci.,2000,37(6):879～888
13吴立新.遥感岩石力学及其新近进展与未来发展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):139～146
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