LITHOPROBE——加拿大地球探测计划
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摘要
LITHOPROBE是加拿大的国家级地球科学研究计划。选择10个典型剖面,每个都不同程度地代表了加拿大典型的地质特征或具全球意义的重要构造过程。时间上其地质演化跨越了40多亿年漫长的地质年代。通过地震深反射技术为先锋的以及多种不同学科的综合研究,取得一系列成果,如证实3.0Ga前即发生与板块构造有关的作用,对古老岩石圈板块碰撞和新地壳形成过程进行了重大修正,揭示了若干大型矿集区的深部控矿构造的反射影像,使加拿大的地球科学研究走到世界的前列,本文拟通过较系统介绍LITHOPROBE,为我国深部探测技术与实验研究提供参考。
LITHOPROBE is Canada's national earth science program. Ten typical sections representing to some extents the typical geological characteristics of Canada or major tectonic processes with global significance. In terms of time, its geological evolution covers more than 4 Ga across the long geological age. A series of achievements has been made results using deep seismic reflection technology and comprehensive study of various disciplines. For example, the mechanism related to plate tectonics occurred about 3.0 Ga ago and greatly revised the collision of ancient lithological circle and the process of the formation of new crust, revealing the reflection image of deep ore-controlling structures in a number of the large-scale deposit intensive area. This has ushered Canada into the world's forefront of earth science come. This paper intends to systematically introduce LITHOPROBE in the hope to provide references for China's deep exploration technology and experiment research.
LITHOPROBE is Canada's national earth science program. Ten typical sections representing to some extents the typical geological characteristics of Canada or major tectonic processes with global significance. In terms of time, its geological evolution covers more than 4 Ga across the long geological age. A series of achievements has been made results using deep seismic reflection technology and comprehensive study of various disciplines. For example, the mechanism related to plate tectonics occurred about 3.0 Ga ago and greatly revised the collision of ancient lithological circle and the process of the formation of new crust, revealing the reflection image of deep ore-controlling structures in a number of the large-scale deposit intensive area. This has ushered Canada into the world's forefront of earth science come. This paper intends to systematically introduce LITHOPROBE in the hope to provide references for China's deep exploration technology and experiment research.
引文
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Boland A V,Ellis R M,Northey D J,West G F,Green A G,Forsyth D A,Mereu R F,Meyer R P,Morel-à-Huissier P,Buchbinder G G R,Asudeh I,Haddon R A W.1988.Seismicdelineation of upthrust Archean crust in Kapuskasing,NorthernOntario.Nature,335:711～713.
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Cannon WC,Green A G,Hutchinson D R,Lee M W,Milkereit B,Behrendt J C,Halls HC,Green J C,Dickas A B,Morey G B,Sutcliffe R,Spencer C.1989.The North Americanmidcontinent rift beneath Lake Superior:from GLI MPCEseismic reflection profiling.Tectonics,8:305～332.
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Clowes R M,Green A G,Yorath CJ,Kanasewich E R,West G F,Garland G D.1984.LITHOPROBE—a national program forstudying the third di mension of geology.Journal of theCanadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists,20:23～39.
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Clowes R M,Zelt C A,Amor J R,Ellis R M.1995.Lithosphericstructure in the southern Canadian Cordillera froma network ofseismic refracrion lines.Can.J.Earth Sci.,32:1485～1513.
Clowes R M,Cook F A,Ludden J N.1998.Lithoprobe leads tonew perspectives on continental evolution.Gsa Today,8(10):1～7.
Clowes R M,et al.1999.Canada's LITHOPROBE Project(Collaborative,multidisciplinary geoscience research leads tonew understanding of continental evolution).Episodes,22(1):3～20.
Clowes R M,Buriyank MJ A,Gorman A R,Kanasewich E R.2002.Crustal velocity structure from SAREX,the southernAlberta refraction experi ment.Canadian Journal of EarthSciences,39(3):351～373.
Clowes R M,Philip T C Hammer,Gabriela Fernandez Viejo,Welford J Ki m.2005.Lithospheric structure in northwesternCanada from LITHOPROBE seismic refraction and relatedstudies:a synthesis.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,42:1277～1293.
Connelly J N,Ryan A B.1999.Age and tectonic i mplications ofPaleoproterozoic granitoid intrusions within the Nain Provincenear Nain,Labrador.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,36:833～853.
Cook F A,van der Velden A J,Hall K W,Roberts B J.1999a.Tectonic delamination,and subcrustal i mbrication of thePrecambrian lithosphere in northwestern Canada mapped byLITHOPROBE.Geology,26:839～842.
Cook F A,van der Velden A J,Hall K W,Roberts B J.1999b.Frozen subduction in Canada′s Northwest Territories:LITHOPROBE deep lithospheric reflection profiling of thewestern Canadian Shield.Tectonics,18:1～24.
Cook F A.2002.Fine structure of the continental reflection Moho.Geological Society of America Bulletin,114:64～79.
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