地震灾后重建系统工程的综合集成模式
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摘要
对比研究世界著名大地震的震前预防及震后应急措施,分析这些地震产生巨大危害的原因,对其恢复重建过程中存在的问题进行总结.在科学发展观的统领下,从和谐与均衡的角度,以综合集成体系为理论支撑,结合物理-事理-人理系统方法论和霍尔三维结构体系,构建了灾后重建系统工程的理论基础,并提出灾后重建系统工程的综合集成模式.该模式阐述了灾后重建全过程集成管理和灾后重建保障体系两个方面,其中重建全过程包括临时安置、重建准备和全面重建三个阶段,重建保障体系则从组织、资金、政策、法制、监督和信息六个方面构建,两者分别从纵向和横向两方面实现对地震灾后重建的综合集成管理.
This paper makes a comparative study on the pre-earthquake prevention and post-earthquake emergency measures of the world famous earthquakes, summarizes the existing problems in the process of rehabilitation and reconstruction, and analyzes the reasons for why these earthquakes trigger enormous destruction. From the perspective of harmony and equilibrium, the systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions must be under the guide of meta-synthesis theories and methods. In order to construct the theoretical foundation of the systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions, the scientific development view should be taken as the guiding ideology for post-earthquake reconstructions. Meanwhile, meta-synthesis system, Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach and Hall's three-dimensional morphology are introduced as the theoretical support. On this basis, the meta-synthesis pattern of systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions is proposed. The pattern is composed of two aspects. One is the whole process integration management in post-earthquake reconstructions, which contains three phases, temporary resettle, reconstruction preparation and reconstruction in an all-round way. And the other is the reconstruction guarantee system, which guarantees the smooth progress of systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions on the aspects of organization, funding, policies, laws, supervision and information. The meta-synthesis management of post-earthquake reconstructions would be recognized breadthwise and lengthways from these two aspects.
This paper makes a comparative study on the pre-earthquake prevention and post-earthquake emergency measures of the world famous earthquakes, summarizes the existing problems in the process of rehabilitation and reconstruction, and analyzes the reasons for why these earthquakes trigger enormous destruction. From the perspective of harmony and equilibrium, the systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions must be under the guide of meta-synthesis theories and methods. In order to construct the theoretical foundation of the systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions, the scientific development view should be taken as the guiding ideology for post-earthquake reconstructions. Meanwhile, meta-synthesis system, Wuli-Shili-Renli system approach and Hall's three-dimensional morphology are introduced as the theoretical support. On this basis, the meta-synthesis pattern of systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions is proposed. The pattern is composed of two aspects. One is the whole process integration management in post-earthquake reconstructions, which contains three phases, temporary resettle, reconstruction preparation and reconstruction in an all-round way. And the other is the reconstruction guarantee system, which guarantees the smooth progress of systems engineering of post-earthquake reconstructions on the aspects of organization, funding, policies, laws, supervision and information. The meta-synthesis management of post-earthquake reconstructions would be recognized breadthwise and lengthways from these two aspects.
引文
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[2]Ihmle P F,Harabaglia P,Jordan TH.Teleseismic detection of a slowprecursortothe great1989macquarie ridge earthquake[J].Science,1993,261:177-183.
[3]Di Toro G,Nielsen S,Pennacchioni G.Earthquake rupture dynamics frozen in exhumed ancient faults[J].Nature,2005,436:1009-1012.
[4]Kilb D,Gomberg J,Bodin P.Triggering of earthquake after shocks by dynamic stresses[J].Nature,2000,408:570-574.
[5]Modi N.Gujarat earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation policy[C]//The Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority,Gujar-at,2000.
[6]NiggJ M.The Lorna Prieta,California,earthquake of October17,1989-recovery,mitigation,andreconstruction[C]//U.S.Dep-artment of the Interior,1998.
[7]Itsuki N.Comparative study on urbanreconstruction process after earthquake among Turkey,Taiwan and Japan[D].Tokyo:Tokyo Metropolitan University,2004.
[8]Hirayama Y.Collapse and reconstruction:Housingrecovery policyin Kobe afterthe Hanshin Great Earthquake[J].Housing Stud-ies,2000,15(11):111-128.
[9]Martinez E.El Salvador:Post-earthquake housing reconstruction programme[J].Open House International,2005,30(4):29-32.
[10]Wu J Y,Lindell MK.Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes:The1994Northridge earthquake in the United States andthe1999Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan[J].Disaster,2004,28(1):63-81.
[11]ERRA.Earthquake reconstruction and rehabilitation authority:Operational manual[C]//Government of Pakistan,2006.
[12]Hanes J E.Urban planning as an urban problem:The reconstruction of Tokyo after the Great Kanto Earthquake[J].Seisaku Ka-gaku,2000,7(3),123-137.
[13]Yasui E.Community vulnerability and capacityin post-disaster recovery:The cases of Mano and Mikura neighbourhoodsinthe wake of the1995Kobe earthquake[D].Vancouver:University of British Columbia,2007.
[14]Handrigan MT,Becker B M,Jagminas L,et al.Emergency medical services inthe reconstruction phase following a major earth-quake:Acase study of the1988Armenia earthquake[J].Prehospital Disaster Med,1998,13(1):35-40.
[15]党素华.试论地震灾区的恢复与重建[J].中国减灾,1993,3(1):21-25.Dang S H.Studying onrehabilitation andreconstructionin earthquake-stricken area[J].Disaster Reductionin China,1993,3(1):21-25.
[16]钱学森,于景元,戴汝为.一个科学新领域———开放的复杂巨系统及其方法论[J].自然杂志,1990,13(1):3-10.Qian XS,Yu J Y,Dai R W.Anewdiscipline of science-the study of open complex giant systemandits methodology[J].Nature Magazine,1990,13(1):3-10.
[17]钱学森,许国志,王寿云.组织管理的技术———系统工程[N].文汇报,1978-9-27.Qian XS,Xu GZ,Wang S Y.Technology of organization management-Systems Engineering[N].Wen Hui Bao,1978-9-27.
[18]于景元.钱学森综合集成体系[J].西安交通大学学报(社会科学版),2006,26(6):40-47.Yu J Y.Qian Xuesen’synthesization andintegration systemspace flight[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Social Scienc-es),2006,26(6):40-47.
[19]顾基发,唐锡晋.物理-事理-人理系统方法论:理论与应用[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社,2006.Gu J F,Tang XJ.Wuli-Shili-Renli System Approach:Theory and Application[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Education Press,2006.
[20]Hall AD.Three-dimensional morphology of systems engineering[J].IEEETransactions on SystemScience and Cybernetics,1969,5(2):156-160.
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