可液化场地高承台群桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验
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摘要
采用高承台群桩-独柱墩结构体,进行可液化场地群桩-土-桥梁结构地震相互作用振动台试验,再现自然地震触发地基液化及桩基破坏等宏观现象;通过试验监测了液化场地中地基的加速度、孔压反应以及桩-柱墩的加速度、位移、应变反应和上部结构的加速度反应等。结果表明:输入地震波幅值和埋深是影响砂层孔压的重要因素;地震作用中,随着场地液化的发展,自下而上砂层加速度先逐渐减弱后逐渐放大;高承台桩基地震响应与土层土性、地震动大小、场地液化程度等密切相关,地震作用下场地液化容易诱发高承台群桩体系的倒塌。
Using a pile group supported bridge structure model with elevated cap and single column pier,a shaking table test was performed to study seismic pile groups-soil-bridge structure interaction and to reproduce the macro-phenomena of soil liquefaction and destruction on piles in liquefiable ground during earthquake.The acceleration and pore pressure of liquefiable ground,acceleration,displacement and strain response of the pile group-column pier-superstructure system were monitored during the test.The results indicate that the input acceleration amplitude and burial depth are the important factors which affect pore pressure of sandy layer.Acceleration response of sand layer from bottom to top appears to transform from gradual weakening to gradual magnification with the development of ground liquefaction.The seismic response of elevated cap pile foundation is closely related to the properties of soil layer amplitude of input earthquake motion and the level of ground liquefaction.The system is prone to collapse as a result of strong liquefaction under seismic effect.
Using a pile group supported bridge structure model with elevated cap and single column pier,a shaking table test was performed to study seismic pile groups-soil-bridge structure interaction and to reproduce the macro-phenomena of soil liquefaction and destruction on piles in liquefiable ground during earthquake.The acceleration and pore pressure of liquefiable ground,acceleration,displacement and strain response of the pile group-column pier-superstructure system were monitored during the test.The results indicate that the input acceleration amplitude and burial depth are the important factors which affect pore pressure of sandy layer.Acceleration response of sand layer from bottom to top appears to transform from gradual weakening to gradual magnification with the development of ground liquefaction.The seismic response of elevated cap pile foundation is closely related to the properties of soil layer amplitude of input earthquake motion and the level of ground liquefaction.The system is prone to collapse as a result of strong liquefaction under seismic effect.
引文
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[19]凌贤长,王臣,王成.液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验模型相似设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):450-456.LING Xian-zhang,WANG Chen,WANG Cheng.ScaleModeling Method of Shaking Table Test of DynamicInteraction of Pile-soil-bridge Structure in Ground ofSoil Liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):450-456.
[20]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(7):781-785.WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Devel-opment of Laminar Shear Box Used in Shaking TableTest[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Sci-ence,2002,30(7):781-785.
[21]ASHOUR M,NORRIS G.Lateral Loaded Pile Re-sponse in Liquefiable Soil[J].Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(5):404-414.
[2]刘健新,赵国辉.“5.12”汶川地震典型桥梁震害分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(2):92-97.LIU Jian-xin,ZHAO Guo-hui.Typical Bridge DamageAnalysis in“5.12”Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Jour-nal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(2):92-97.
[3]李雨润,袁晓铭.液化场地上土体侧向变形对桩基影响研究评述[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(2):17-22.LI Yu-run,YUAN Xiao-ming.State-of-art of Studyon Influences of Liquefaction-induced Soil Spreadingover Pile Foundation Response[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2004,20(2):17-22.
[4]张建民.水平地基液化后大变形对桩基础的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(5):75-78.ZHANG Jian-min.Effect of Large Horizontal Post-liquefaction Deformation of Level Ground on PileFoundation[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(5):75-78.
[5]TOKIMATSU K,SUZUKI H,SATO M.Effects ofInertial and Kinematic Interaction on Seismic Behaviorof Pile with Embedded Foundation[J].Soil Dynamicand Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7/8/9/10):753-762.
[6]凌贤长,王东升.液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验研究进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(4):53-59.LING Xian-zhang,WANG Dong-sheng.Study on Sha-king Table Test for Seismic Interaction of Pile-soil-bridge Structure in Case of Soil Liquefaction Causedby Earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,2002,22(4):53-59.
[7]楼梦麟,雍国柱,李建元.阻尼特性对组合结构地震反应的影响[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2007,24(2):24-29.LOU Meng-lin,YONG Guo-zhu,LI Jian-yuan.Influ-ence of Damping Characteristics on Seismic Responsesof Composite Structures[J].Journal of Architectureand Civil Engineering,2007,24(2):24-29.
[8]许红胜,周绪红,刘永健.钢结构交错桁架体系在强震作用下的破坏模式[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2007,24(2):63-67.XU Hong-sheng,ZHOU Xu-hong,LIU Yong-jian.Failure Mode of Staggered Truss System of SteelStructure Under Severe Earthquake[J].Journal ofArchitecture and Civil Engineering,2007,24(2):63-67.
[9]黄小国,胡大琳,张后举.行波效应对大跨度连续刚构桥地震反应的影响[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2008,28(1):72-76.HUANG Xiao-guo,HU Da-lin,ZHANG Hou-ju.Effects of Traveling Wave to Seismic Response ofLong-span Rigid-framed Bridge[J].Journal ofChang an University:Natural Science Edition,2008,28(1):72-76.
[10]宋锋,王元清,石永久.钢结构跃层加层的地震反应分析[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2009,26(1):55-61.SONG Feng,WANG Yuan-qing,SHI Yong-jiu.Seis-mic Response Analysis of Adding Extra-floors Span-ning Existing Building with Steel Structure[J].Jour-nal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2009,26(1):55-61.
[11]LIYANAPATHIRANA D S,POULOS H G.SeismicLateral Response of Piles in Liquefying Soil[J].Jour-nal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineer-ing,2005,131(12):1466-1479.
[12]WILSON D W,BOULANGER R W,KUTTER B L.Observed Seismic Lateral Resistance of LiquefyingSand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmen-tal Engineering,2000,126(10):898-906.
[13]MIWA S,IKEDA T,SATO T.Damage Process ofPile Foundation in Liquefied Ground During StrongGround Motion[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2006,26(2/3/4):325-336.
[14]凌贤长,王东升,王志强,等.液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(11):67-72.LING Xian-zhang,WANG Dong-sheng,WANG Zhi-qiang,et al.Large-scale Shaking Table Model Test ofDynamic Soil-pile-bridge Structure Interaction inGround of Liquefaction[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2004,37(11):67-72.
[15]王建华,冯士伦.液化土层中桩基水平承载特性分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(10):1597-1601.WANG Jian-hua,FENG Shi-lun.Research on LateralResistance of Pile Foundation in Liquefaction Strata[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(10):1597-1601.
[16]叶爱君,刘伟岸,王斌斌.高桩承台基础与桥梁结构的动力相互作用[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(9):1163-1168.YE Ai-jun,LIU Wei-an,WANG Bin-bin.Dynamic In-teraction Between High-rise Pile Cap Foundation andBridge Structure[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2007,35(9):1163-1168.
[17]范立础.桥梁抗震[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997.FAN Li-chu.Anti-seism of Bridges[M].Shanghai:Tongji University Press,1997.
[18]吕西林,陈跃庆,陈波,等.结构-地基动力相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(4):20-29.LU Xi-lin,CHEN Yue-qing,CHEN Bo,et al.ShakingTable Testing of Dynamic Soil-structure InteractionSystem[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,2000,20(4):20-29.
[19]凌贤长,王臣,王成.液化场地桩-土-桥梁结构动力相互作用振动台试验模型相似设计方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):450-456.LING Xian-zhang,WANG Chen,WANG Cheng.ScaleModeling Method of Shaking Table Test of DynamicInteraction of Pile-soil-bridge Structure in Ground ofSoil Liquefaction[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):450-456.
[20]伍小平,孙利民,胡世德,等.振动台试验用层状剪切变形土箱的研制[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2002,30(7):781-785.WU Xiao-ping,SUN Li-min,HU Shi-de,et al.Devel-opment of Laminar Shear Box Used in Shaking TableTest[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Sci-ence,2002,30(7):781-785.
[21]ASHOUR M,NORRIS G.Lateral Loaded Pile Re-sponse in Liquefiable Soil[J].Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(5):404-414.
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