单相介质AVO反演的精度分析
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摘要
振幅随偏移距变化(AVO)反演是一个非线性的组合最优化过程,理论上可先将该非线性问题线性化,然后求解线性问题;或者直接利用非线性的模拟退火、遗传算法等方法求解.但无论哪种反演思路,实际中影响其精度的因素很多,因此分析AVO反演中的误差来源对提高反演精度和评价反演方法的可靠性非常重要.本文对能造成反演误差的主要因素,噪音、薄层调谐、地震数据处理中的误差、入射角范围等进行了分析,讨论了这些因素可能对反演结果造成的影响,发现在AVO反演过程中可以从优化参数选择和针对性处理方面来减小这些误差,提高反演精度.
AVO(Amplitude Variation with Offset) inversion is a nonlinear optimization algorithm to find global optimum of an objective function.Therefore,the processing can be performed by one of the two solutions in theory: converting the nonlinear problem to a linear one,or solving the nonlinear problem directly using simulating annealing(SA) method,genetic algorithm(GA),etc.But in fact,there are a lot of factors affecting the inversion precision in the processing of real data.Noise,tune of thin layers,errors in seismic data processing and range of angle of incidence are main aspects causing errors in AVO inversion and mainly discussed in this paper.After analyze the way how these factors bring errors in AVO inversion,we find that properly choosing some parameters and doing some special processing in the inversion can degrade the influence of errors from these factors and improve the inversion precision.
AVO(Amplitude Variation with Offset) inversion is a nonlinear optimization algorithm to find global optimum of an objective function.Therefore,the processing can be performed by one of the two solutions in theory: converting the nonlinear problem to a linear one,or solving the nonlinear problem directly using simulating annealing(SA) method,genetic algorithm(GA),etc.But in fact,there are a lot of factors affecting the inversion precision in the processing of real data.Noise,tune of thin layers,errors in seismic data processing and range of angle of incidence are main aspects causing errors in AVO inversion and mainly discussed in this paper.After analyze the way how these factors bring errors in AVO inversion,we find that properly choosing some parameters and doing some special processing in the inversion can degrade the influence of errors from these factors and improve the inversion precision.
引文
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[14]Subhashis Mallick.Some practical aspects of prestack wave-form inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example fromthe east Texas woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,64(2):326~336.
[2]Jose M Carcione,Umberta Tinivella.Bottom-simulating re-flectors:seismic velocity and AVO affects[J].Geophysics,2000,65:54~67.
[3]Karin Andreassen,Patrick E Hart and Mary Mackay.Ampli-tude versus offset modeling of the bottom simulating reflectionassociated with submarine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,1997,137:25~40.
[4]孙春岩,牛滨华,文鹏飞,等.海上E区天然气水合物地质、地震、地球化学特征综合研究与成藏远景预测[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(6):1076~1085.
[5]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.弹性波阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89~92.
[6]蒋鸿亮,陈湛文,陈小宏.高分辨率AVO反演技术研究[J].地球物理学进展,2006,21(2):478~482.
[7]李景叶,陈小宏,郝振江,等.多波时移地震AVO反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(4):902~908.
[8]殷八斤.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.
[9]李敏锋.天然气水合物和游离气层的单相介质AVO识别技术研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2004.
[10]陈信平.漫谈AVO[M].北京:《中国海上油气(地质)》编辑部,1995.
[11]Shuey R T.A simplification of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50:609~614.
[12]郑晓东.AVO理论、方法及其应用[M].北京:开发地震-中国石油学会物探专业委员会短训班教材,1995.337~369.
[13]何樵登.应用地球物理教程—地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.
[14]Subhashis Mallick.Some practical aspects of prestack wave-form inversion using a genetic algorithm:An example fromthe east Texas woodbine gas sand[J].Geophysics,64(2):326~336.
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