基于地震资料的储层流体识别
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摘要
根据岩石物理模型,分析了油藏流体地震属性的变化规律,提出了新的油藏流体识别因子。基于Gassmann方程和其他有效的岩石物理理论,详细阐述了利用纵波、横波速度(或阻抗)计算新流体识别因子的方法。利用流体识别因子敏感度定量分析方法,对比分析了新流体识别因子的敏感度与传统流体识别因子的差异,并定量分析了储层孔隙度变化对流体识别因子的影响。研究表明,虽然传统的流体识别因子敏感度不同,但都受储层孔隙度变化的影响;而新流体识别因子较传统流体识别因子敏感度更高,且不受储层孔隙度变化的影响。因此,新的流体识别因子对有效降低油藏流体识别的多解性及提高油藏钻探成功率具有重要意义。
According to the rock physical model,the variation rules of reservoir fluid seismic attributes were analyzed,and a new fac- tor for reservoir fluid identification was presented.Based on the Gassmann equation and other effective rock physical theories,a method for calculating the new factor by using velocities of P wave and S wave(or impedances) was given.The sensitivity difference between the new factor and other factors were analyzed and compared quantitatively.The effects of porosity variation on the fluid i- dentification factors were studied using the similar method.The new fluid identification factor,which is not affected by the porosity variation,has higher sensitivity than the traditional factors affected by the porosity variation.Thus,the new fluid identification fac- tor is helpful to decrease uncertainty of reservoir fluid identification and improve reservoir drilling rate.
According to the rock physical model,the variation rules of reservoir fluid seismic attributes were analyzed,and a new fac- tor for reservoir fluid identification was presented.Based on the Gassmann equation and other effective rock physical theories,a method for calculating the new factor by using velocities of P wave and S wave(or impedances) was given.The sensitivity difference between the new factor and other factors were analyzed and compared quantitatively.The effects of porosity variation on the fluid i- dentification factors were studied using the similar method.The new fluid identification factor,which is not affected by the porosity variation,has higher sensitivity than the traditional factors affected by the porosity variation.Thus,the new fluid identification fac- tor is helpful to decrease uncertainty of reservoir fluid identification and improve reservoir drilling rate.
引文
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[9]刘国萍，陈小宏，李景叶．弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J]．地球物理学进展，2006，21(2)：559-563．Liu Guoping,Chen Xiaohong,Li Jingye.Application and analysis of elastic impedance in time-lapse seismology[J].Progress in Ge- ophysics,2006,21(2):559-563.
[10]李景叶，陈小宏，金龙．时移地震AVO反演在油藏定量解释中的应用[J]．石油学报，2005，26(3)：68-73．Li Jingye,Chen Xiaohong,Jin Long.Application of time-lapse seismic AVO inversion to quantitative interpretation of reservoir [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):68-73.
[11]宁忠华，贺振华，黄德济．基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J]．石油物探，2006，45(3)：239-241．Ning Zhonghua,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.High sensitive fluid i- dentification based on seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):239-241.
[12]Wood A W.A textbook of sound[M].New York:The Maclillan Corporation,1955.
[13]Gassmann F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Ge- ophysics,1951,16(4):673-685.
[14]Blot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid satu- rated porous solid.I:Low-frequency range[J].J.Aeoust.Soc.A mer.,1956,28(2):168-178.
[15]Nur A.Critical porosity and the seismic velocities in rocks:ESO [J].Transactions American Geophysical Union,1992,73(1): 43-66.
[16]Nur A,Marko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity..A key to re- lating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(3):357-362.
[17]Gary M,Tapan M,Jack D.Rock physics handbook[M].Califor- nia:Rock Physics Laboratory,Standford University,1996.
[18]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geo physics,1992,57(11):1396-1408.
[2]赵良孝，张树东，胡玲．复杂碳酸盐岩储层含油气饱和度计算方法探索[J]．天然气工业，2005，25(9)：42-44．Zhao Liangxiao,Zhang Shudong,Hu Ling.Calculation methods of the oil and gas saturation in complex carbonate reservoir[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(9):42-44.
[3]甘利灯，赵邦六，杜文辉，等．弹性阻抗在岩性与流体预测中的潜力分析[J]．石油物探，2005，44(5)：504-508．Gan Lideng,Zhao Bangliu,Du Wenhui,et al.The potential analy- sis of elastic impedance in the lithology and fluid prediction[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(5):504-508.
[4]彭才，朱仕军，黄东山，等．多波多分量直接油气检测方法研究[J]．西南石油学院学报．2006，28(3)：44-47．Peng Cai,Zhu Shijun,H uang Dongshan,et al.Researching of di- rect oil and gas detecting by multiwave and multicomponent seis mic data[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,2006,28 (3):44-47.
[5]Goodway W,Chen T,Downton J.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lame petrophysical parame- ters from P and S inversion:SEG International Exposition and 67~(th) Annual Meeting,Dallas,1997[C].Tulsa:Society of Explora- tion Geophysicists,1997.
[6]Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,et aI.Fluid-property dis- crimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geo physics,2003,68(1):29-39.
[7]刘洋．利用地震资料估算孔隙度和饱和度的一种新方法[J]．石油学报，2005，26(2)：61-64．Liu Yang.A new approach to estimation of porosity and satura- tion with seismic data[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(2): 61-64.
[8]金龙，陈小宏，姜香云．利用地震资料定量反演孔隙度和饱和度的新方法[J]．石油学报，2006，27(4)：63-66．Jin Long,Chen Xiaohong,Jiang Xiangyun.Simultaneous inver- sion of porosity and saturation using seismic data[J].Acta Petro- lei Sinica,2006,27(4):63-66.
[9]刘国萍，陈小宏，李景叶．弹性波阻抗在时移地震中的应用分析[J]．地球物理学进展，2006，21(2)：559-563．Liu Guoping,Chen Xiaohong,Li Jingye.Application and analysis of elastic impedance in time-lapse seismology[J].Progress in Ge- ophysics,2006,21(2):559-563.
[10]李景叶，陈小宏，金龙．时移地震AVO反演在油藏定量解释中的应用[J]．石油学报，2005，26(3)：68-73．Li Jingye,Chen Xiaohong,Jin Long.Application of time-lapse seismic AVO inversion to quantitative interpretation of reservoir [J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2005,26(3):68-73.
[11]宁忠华，贺振华，黄德济．基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J]．石油物探，2006，45(3)：239-241．Ning Zhonghua,He Zhenhua,Huang Deji.High sensitive fluid i- dentification based on seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2006,45(3):239-241.
[12]Wood A W.A textbook of sound[M].New York:The Maclillan Corporation,1955.
[13]Gassmann F.Elastic waves through a packing of spheres[J].Ge- ophysics,1951,16(4):673-685.
[14]Blot M A.Theory of propagation of elastic waves in a fluid satu- rated porous solid.I:Low-frequency range[J].J.Aeoust.Soc.A mer.,1956,28(2):168-178.
[15]Nur A.Critical porosity and the seismic velocities in rocks:ESO [J].Transactions American Geophysical Union,1992,73(1): 43-66.
[16]Nur A,Marko G,Dvorkin J,et al.Critical porosity..A key to re- lating physical properties to porosity in rocks[J].The Leading Edge,1998,17(3):357-362.
[17]Gary M,Tapan M,Jack D.Rock physics handbook[M].Califor- nia:Rock Physics Laboratory,Standford University,1996.
[18]Batzle M,Wang Z.Seismic properties of pore fluids[J].Geo physics,1992,57(11):1396-1408.
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