基于谱分析与RC梁桥检验的脉冲型近场地震动强度度量指标
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摘要
近场地震动和远离震源地区的地震地面运动存在显著区别,速度脉冲是其造成巨大震害后果的主要因素之一,有必要深入研究近场速度脉冲破坏能力的合理度量指标。在既有脉冲模拟模型的基础上,引入一种采用三角函数叠加不同比例高频分量的速度脉冲模拟模型,考虑地震下结构的累积能量和瞬时能量需求,以强度和能量为指标,对近断层地震的速度脉冲效应进行单自由度(SDOF)体系的谱分析,对不同脉冲参数下结构地震响应的影响程度进行定量对比。结果表明:同类脉冲下,累积输入能量受高频地震分量影响明显,而瞬时输入能量则主要取决于速度脉冲的自有强度,脉冲持时与结构自振周期之比、脉冲峰值是决定结构地震响应的最主要因素,从而构建表征速度脉冲强度的度量指标,并采用14条包含典型脉冲的近场地震记录为输入,以一座五跨连续梁桥为算例验证该指标的合理性。
There are apparent differences between near-fault earthquake ground motions and ground motions far from the earthquake focus,and velocity pulses are one of the primary factors causing huge earthquake damages.So it is necessary to seek for reasonable intensity indice of the destructive capability of near-fault velocity pulses.The trigonometric function superimposed with high-frequency components of different proportions was introduced into the existing pulse simulation models.Taking into account the cumulative energy amount and instantaneous energy demand of structures in earthquake,setting the strength and energy amount as the indice,spectra analysis of the SDOF system was carried out to analyze the velocity pulse effect of the near-fault earthquake.The influence of different pulse parameters on earthquake responses of structures was compared quantitatively.The research results show as follows: Under the action of the same kind of pulses,cumulative input energy is affected significantly by high-frequency components,and instantaneous input energy depends mainly on the inherent intensity of velocity pulses;the peak value of the velocity pulse and the ratio of pulse duration to the self-vibration period of structures are the two most important factors to determine the earthquake responses of structures;the intensity indice is extracted as the index to characterize the strength of velocity pulses,and its rationality is verified by example of a five-span continuous bridge under the excitation of near-field earthquake recorded in 14 notes containing typical velocity pulses.
There are apparent differences between near-fault earthquake ground motions and ground motions far from the earthquake focus,and velocity pulses are one of the primary factors causing huge earthquake damages.So it is necessary to seek for reasonable intensity indice of the destructive capability of near-fault velocity pulses.The trigonometric function superimposed with high-frequency components of different proportions was introduced into the existing pulse simulation models.Taking into account the cumulative energy amount and instantaneous energy demand of structures in earthquake,setting the strength and energy amount as the indice,spectra analysis of the SDOF system was carried out to analyze the velocity pulse effect of the near-fault earthquake.The influence of different pulse parameters on earthquake responses of structures was compared quantitatively.The research results show as follows: Under the action of the same kind of pulses,cumulative input energy is affected significantly by high-frequency components,and instantaneous input energy depends mainly on the inherent intensity of velocity pulses;the peak value of the velocity pulse and the ratio of pulse duration to the self-vibration period of structures are the two most important factors to determine the earthquake responses of structures;the intensity indice is extracted as the index to characterize the strength of velocity pulses,and its rationality is verified by example of a five-span continuous bridge under the excitation of near-field earthquake recorded in 14 notes containing typical velocity pulses.
引文
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[2]MAKRIS N,CHANG S P.Effect of Viscous,Viscoplasticand Friction Damping on the Response of Seismic IsolatedStructures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dy-namics,2000,29(1):85-107.
[3]KRAWINKLER H,ALAVI B.Development ofImprovedDesign Procedures for Near-fault Ground Motions[C]//SMIP98 Seminar on Utilization of Strong Motion Data.Oakland:CA,1998:21-48.
[4]SASANI M,BERTERO V V.Importance of Severe Pulse-type Ground Motions in Performance-based Engineering:Historical and Critical Review[C]//Proceedings of the 12thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering(12WCEE).New Zealand:12WCEE,2000:1302.
[5]CHANG K C,TSAI M H,SHEN J,et al.Performance ofa Seismically Isolated Bridge under Near-fault EarthquakeGround Motions[C]//Earthquake Engineering ResearchInstitute.Seventh US National Conference on EarthquakeEngineering.Boston:Mira Digital Publishing,2002.
[6]MENUN C,FU Q.An Analytical Model for Near-faultGround Motions and the Response of SDOF Systems[C]//Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.Seventh USNational Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Boston:Mira Digital Publishing,2002.
[7]MAVROEIDIS G P,PAPAGEORGIOU A S.A Mathe-matical Representation of Near-fault Ground Motions[J].Bulletin of Seismological Society of American,2003,93(3):1099-1131.
[8]李新乐,朱晞.近断层地震动等效速度脉冲研究[J].地震学报,2004,26(6):634-643.LI Xin-le,ZHU Xi.Study on Equivalent Velocity Pulse ofNear-fault Ground Motions[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2004,26(6):634-643.
[9]江辉.近场地震下桥梁结构基于性能抗震设计的能量方法[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[10]廖文义,罗俊雄,万绚.隔震桥梁承受近断层地震之反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(4):102-108.LIAO Wen-yi,LUO Jun-xiong,WAN Xuan.Responses ofIsolated Bridges Subjected to Near-fault Ground Motions[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(4):102-108.
[11]LOH C H,WAN S,LIAO W I.Effects of HystereticModel on Seismic Demands:Consideration of Near-faultGround Motions[J].The Structural Design of Tall Build-ings,2002,11(3):155-169.
[12]王东升,冯启民,翟桐.近断层地震动作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩的抗震性能[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(1):95-102.WANG Dong-sheng,FENG Qi-min,ZHAI Tong.Dis-placement-based Seismic Design for RC Bridge ColumnsUnder Near-fault Earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineer-ing and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(1):95-102.
[13]HOUSNER G W.Spectrum Intensities of Strong-MotionEarthquakes[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium onEarthquake and Blast Effects on Structures.Los Angeles,1952:20-36.
[14]European Committee for Standardization.Eurocode 8:Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Struc-tures,Part 1.1:General Rules-Seismic Actions andGeneral Requirements for Structures;Part 2:Bridges[S].DD ENV1998,Brussels:Comite European de Nor-ma1ization(CEN),l996.
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