SAR差分干涉测量技术在地震区域形变测量中的应用研究
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摘要
合成孔径雷达(SAR)差分干涉测量是一种最新的大地形变测量遥感技术方法.利用欧洲空间局1996年4月15日获取的地球资源卫星ERS-1数据和4月16日获取的ERS-2数据,以及1997年12月2日获取的ERS-2数据,应用差分干涉测量技术对发生于1997年11月8日的西藏玛尼地震进行了提取区域形变场的应用研究.从得到的变化检测条纹图中可识别出地表破裂带,并可定量推算震中周围和两条断裂带附近的变形情况.分析结果表明:断裂为左行平移性质,断裂带南侧水平错动的最大变形量至少超过2.8m,北侧水平错动的最大变形量至少超过1.75m.差分干涉测量分析结果与地面调查及已有的相关研究资料符合得很好.
SAR differential interferometry is an up-to-date measurement technology for terrain deformation. In this paper, an application example concerning Mani earthquake in Tibet, occurred on Nov. 8, 1997, is presented. In this paper, the distribution of surface deformation and extract displacement information of the earthquake rupture zone using SAR differential interferometry are studied. The data set related to our study area are ERS1/2 SLC SAR images (April 15, April 16, 1996 ERS-1 and Dec. 2, 1997 ERS-2) provided by European Space Agency. We analyzed factors related to the surface deformation detecting interferogram along the Margaichace-Ruolacuo fault under the special regional environmental conditions. From the resultant changing interferogram of Mani Earthquake, the surface rupture zone can be recognized. Also we concluded from analyzing the fringe patterns that left-lateral shear movement is the whole deforming mechanism, furthermore, the offsets are quantitatively estimated. We inferred that the horizontal offset displacement for the southern side at least reaches 2.8 m and 1.75 m at least for the northern side of the fault. All these results greatly correspond with the ground measurements and its related research documents.
SAR differential interferometry is an up-to-date measurement technology for terrain deformation. In this paper, an application example concerning Mani earthquake in Tibet, occurred on Nov. 8, 1997, is presented. In this paper, the distribution of surface deformation and extract displacement information of the earthquake rupture zone using SAR differential interferometry are studied. The data set related to our study area are ERS1/2 SLC SAR images (April 15, April 16, 1996 ERS-1 and Dec. 2, 1997 ERS-2) provided by European Space Agency. We analyzed factors related to the surface deformation detecting interferogram along the Margaichace-Ruolacuo fault under the special regional environmental conditions. From the resultant changing interferogram of Mani Earthquake, the surface rupture zone can be recognized. Also we concluded from analyzing the fringe patterns that left-lateral shear movement is the whole deforming mechanism, furthermore, the offsets are quantitatively estimated. We inferred that the horizontal offset displacement for the southern side at least reaches 2.8 m and 1.75 m at least for the northern side of the fault. All these results greatly correspond with the ground measurements and its related research documents.
引文
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[12]郭华东,邵芸,王长林,等,雷达对地观测理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.GUO Hua_dong, SHAO Yun, WANG Chang_lin, et al.The Theory of Radar Remote Sensing and Its Application[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[13] Peltzer G, Rosen P. Surface Displacement of the 17 May1993 Eureka Valley, California Earthquake Observed bySAR Interferometry [ J]. Science,1995,268:1333-1336.
[14]徐锡伟,宋方敏,杨晓平,等.中国大陆地表破裂潜在震源区的地震地质学综合判定[J].震情研究,2000,44(1):14-26.XU Xi_wei, SONG Fang_ming, YANG Xiao_ping, et al.Seismological Evidences and Implications of PotentialEarthquake Source Around Surface Rupture Region inChina[ J]. Research on Earthquake Information,2000,44(1):14-26.(in Chinese)
[15]许力生,陈运泰.1997年中国西藏玛尼Ms7.9级地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):449-459.XU Li_sheng, CHEN Yun_tai. Earthquake Rupture Pro-cess of the 1997 Mani, in Tibet, China[J]. Acta Seismo-logica Sinica,1999,21(5):449-459.(in Chinese)
[2] Gens R, Genderen V J. SAR Interferometry_Issues, Tech-niques, Applications[J]. Int. J. Remote Sensing,1996,17(10):1803-1835.
[3]王超.利用航天飞机成像雷达干涉数据提取数字高程模型[J].遥感学报,1997,1(1):46-49.WANG Chao. DEM Generation Using SIR_C/X_SAR In-terferometric data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing,1997,1(1):46-49.(in Chinese)
[4] Rodriguez E, Martin J M. Theory and Design of Interfero-metric Synthetic Aperture Radars[J]. IEEE, Proceedings_F,1992,139(2):147-159.
[5] Zebker H A, Villasenor J. Decorrelation in InterferometricRadar Echoes[J]. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing,1992,30(5):950-959.
[6] Zebker H A, Goldstein R M. Topographic Mapping fromInterferometric Synthetic Sperture Radar Observations[J].J. Geophys. Res.,1986,91(B5):4993-4999.
[7] Zebker H A, Rosen P, Goldstein R M, et al. On theDerivation of Coseismic Displacement Fields Using Differ-ential Radar Interferometry: The Landers Earthquake[J].J.Geophys. Res.,1994,99:617-634.
[8]冯浩.有关1997年11月8日西藏玛尼地震震级的讨论[J].国际地震动态,1999(7):1-7.FENG Hao. Discussion on the Magnitude of the Earth-quake Occurring at Mani, Tibet on November 8,1997[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1999(7):1-7.(in Chinese)
[9]李建华.利用卫星图像研究西藏羌塘及邻区的断裂活动性质[J].地震地质,1998,20(3):201-207.LI Jian_hua. A Study on Fault Activity of Qiangtang andIts Neighboring Areas in Tibet by Using Landsat Images[J]. Seismology and Geology,1998,20(3):201-207.(in Chinese)
[10] Kimura H, Todo M. Baseline Estimation Using GroundPoints for Interferometric SAR [ A]. IGRASS’97[ C].1997.442-444.
[11] Goldstein R M, Zebker H A, Werner C L. SatelliteRadar Interferometry: Two_dimensional Phase Unwrap-ping[J]. Radio Sci.,1988,23(4):713-720.
[12]郭华东,邵芸,王长林,等,雷达对地观测理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.GUO Hua_dong, SHAO Yun, WANG Chang_lin, et al.The Theory of Radar Remote Sensing and Its Application[M]. Beijing: Science Press,2000.(in Chinese)
[13] Peltzer G, Rosen P. Surface Displacement of the 17 May1993 Eureka Valley, California Earthquake Observed bySAR Interferometry [ J]. Science,1995,268:1333-1336.
[14]徐锡伟,宋方敏,杨晓平,等.中国大陆地表破裂潜在震源区的地震地质学综合判定[J].震情研究,2000,44(1):14-26.XU Xi_wei, SONG Fang_ming, YANG Xiao_ping, et al.Seismological Evidences and Implications of PotentialEarthquake Source Around Surface Rupture Region inChina[ J]. Research on Earthquake Information,2000,44(1):14-26.(in Chinese)
[15]许力生,陈运泰.1997年中国西藏玛尼Ms7.9级地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):449-459.XU Li_sheng, CHEN Yun_tai. Earthquake Rupture Pro-cess of the 1997 Mani, in Tibet, China[J]. Acta Seismo-logica Sinica,1999,21(5):449-459.(in Chinese)
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