预警的概念及相关物理问题

英文篇名：Early warning:concepts,techniques,and physics
中文刊名：物理
英文刊名：Physics
作者：吴忠良 ; 蒋长胜
英文作者：WU Zhong-Liang1 ; 2 ;  JIANG Chang-Sheng2(1 College of Earth Science ; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Beijing 100049 ; China)(2 Institute of Geophysics ; China Earthquake Administration ; Beijing 100081 ; China)
中文关键词：自然灾害 ; 预警系统 ; 地震预警
英文关键词：natural disasters ; early warning system ; earthquake early warning
出版日期：2007-06-12
机构：中国科学院研究生院地球科学学院,中国科学院研究生院地球科学学院北京100049中国地震局地球物理研究所北京100081,北京100049
年：2007
期：06
出版单位：物理

摘要

预警是现代社会减轻自然灾害的工作中最重要的物理概念之一,也是在预测/预报的物理问题没有得到解决的情况下最具实际意义的技术之一.文章介绍了与预警有关的概念和物理问题,包括预报和预警的概念,现地预警和异地预警,讨论了不同领域的预警技术中共同的物理问题,包括“有限传播”原理、“连锁效应”原理、“相似放大”原理,以及实际工作对预警系统的主要技术要求.
Early warning is one of the most important physical concepts in the reduction of natural disasters for modern society.Prediction/forecast face intrinsic difficulties in physics,so early warning plays a most critical role in practical applications for sustainability.We review the basic concepts and physics of early warning,including the difference between prediction/forecast and early warning,front detection early warning and on-site early warning,and the common physical problems of early warning systems in different fields-finite propagation,the ripple effect,and scaling,as well as the main technical requirements of practical early warning systems.

引文

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