地质灾害活动强度评估的原理、方法和实例
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摘要
为了探索区域群发地质灾害活动强度评价的原理、方法和指标体系,从地质灾害强度的基本涵义和快速测量的技术要求2个方面简要地分析了影响群发地质灾害活动强度的主要指标和参数,并参考地震震级计算和划分的(宏观)依据,初步提出了以地质灾害分布最大面密度为衡量区域地质灾害活动强度指标的基本思路和分级标准,建立了地质灾害活动强度指数(GHI—geohazard index)8级划分标准;初步提出了快速统计估算地质灾害最大面密度的2种基本方法,即栅格法和自然斜坡(流域)统计法。结合汶川Ms8.0级地震诱发地质灾害、陕西省宁陕县城2003年暴雨诱发地质灾害和宝鸡市地质灾害活动强度分析评价,简要地讨论了在地质灾害强度评价指标、最大面密度统计测量方法及其代表性等方面存在的问题,强调地质灾害强度(GHI)指标评价分级还处于探索研究的开始阶段,还需要在实践中不断修改完善。
In order to research into the principle,methods and evaluation index system of geohazard activity intensity,this paper has briefly analyzed the major indexes and parameters which influence the earthquake activity intensity from two aspects,namely basic definition of earthquake activity intensity and quick evaluation. Referring to the earthquake magnitude classification,the maximum areal density was thus proposed to be the basis of geo-hazards activity intensity evaluation,therefore 8 levels of GHI (geohazard index) system has been set up. Two basic ways of quick areal density estimation are also put forward namely grid method and natural slope statistic method. In combination of practical case studies of geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake,geohazards triggered by the heavy rainfall in Ningshan County,Shaanxi in 2003,and geohazards of Baoji City,Shaanxi Province,remaining problems of evaluation index system,maximum areal density estimation and other representative aspects are also discussed,it's also emphasized that GHI leveling is still at its early stage,which requires for further improvements during pratices.
In order to research into the principle,methods and evaluation index system of geohazard activity intensity,this paper has briefly analyzed the major indexes and parameters which influence the earthquake activity intensity from two aspects,namely basic definition of earthquake activity intensity and quick evaluation. Referring to the earthquake magnitude classification,the maximum areal density was thus proposed to be the basis of geo-hazards activity intensity evaluation,therefore 8 levels of GHI (geohazard index) system has been set up. Two basic ways of quick areal density estimation are also put forward namely grid method and natural slope statistic method. In combination of practical case studies of geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake,geohazards triggered by the heavy rainfall in Ningshan County,Shaanxi in 2003,and geohazards of Baoji City,Shaanxi Province,remaining problems of evaluation index system,maximum areal density estimation and other representative aspects are also discussed,it's also emphasized that GHI leveling is still at its early stage,which requires for further improvements during pratices.
引文
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[11]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.
[2]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433-444.
[3]殷跃平.汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38.
[4]殷跃平,潘桂堂,刘宇平,等.汶川地震地质与滑坡灾害概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:61-126.
[5]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力学特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721-729.
[6]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730-741.
[7]王涛,马寅生,龙长兴,等.汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析[J].地质通报,2008,27(11):1913-1922.
[8]李智毅,杨裕云.工程地质学概论[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994:96-103.
[9]Hungr O.Some methods of landslide hazard intensity mapping[C]//Cruden D M,Fell R.Landslide risk assessment.Proceedings Interna-tional Workshop on Landslide Risk Assessment,Honolulu,19-21February1997,Balkema Rotterdam,1997:215-226.
[10]Cardinali M,Reichenbach P,Guzzetti F,et al.A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria,CentralItaly[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2002,2:57-72.
[11]王运生,罗永红,吉峰,等.汶川大地震山地灾害发育的控制因素分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):759-763.
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