大柳树坝址松动岩体波速特征研究
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摘要
一般大型工程均首先考虑避开强震区,因而对强震区内岩体破坏的研究较少。大柳树坝址位于VIII级潜在震源区,岩体受到多次历史地震的破坏,其特征与一般岩体有明显区别,为松动岩体。岩体弹性波速度是组成岩体的岩石性质、岩体结构、赋存环境的综合反映。针对大柳树坝址进行了大量的现场波速测试,其中洞壁波速测试261段,洞间穿透波速65个扇面,CT穿透波速6个剖面。与其他坝址对比发现,大柳树坝址岩体波速明显偏低,整体上与其他坝址风化带或断层带波速相当,而且其洞壁波速、洞间岩体穿透波速、洞间岩体CT穿透波速均无明显差别,这是松动岩体波速特有的特征。通过岩体弹性波速与岩体基本质量评分BQ的比较发现,二者有良好的线性关系,波速反映了测试范围内的岩体质量。
As a rule,it is prior for large-scale projects to avoid strong earthquake areas.Thus there are little researches on the failure condition of rock mass in strong earthquake areas.The Daliushu dam is locates in the VIII potential seismic region,where the rock mass has been damaged by earthquake many times in history.Different from the general rock mass,it is characterized by dynamo-relaxed rock mass.Rock mass elastic wave velocity is the synthesized reflection of rock quality,rock mass structure,and rock mass existing environment.Quantities of in-situ wave velocity tests have been carried out at the site of Daliushu dam,among which cave wall wave velocity tests on 261 segments,in-between caves rock mass penetrating wave velocity tests on 65 fans,and in-between caves rock mass CT penetrating wave velocity tests on 6 sections.Compared with other dam sites,it is found that the wave velocity of rock mass at the site of Daliushu dam is obviously low,and it is generally equivalent to the wave velocity of weathered strip and faultage of other dam sites.What′s more,its cave wall wave velocity,the in-between caves rock mass penetrating wave velocity,and the in-between caves rock mass CT penetrating wave velocity have no distinctive difference,which is the specific characteristic of dynamo-relaxed rock mass.Comparison between rock mass elastic wave velocity and rock mass basic quality evaluation BQ shows that there′s a good linear relation between them.The wave velocity reflects the rock mass quality in the tested area.
As a rule,it is prior for large-scale projects to avoid strong earthquake areas.Thus there are little researches on the failure condition of rock mass in strong earthquake areas.The Daliushu dam is locates in the VIII potential seismic region,where the rock mass has been damaged by earthquake many times in history.Different from the general rock mass,it is characterized by dynamo-relaxed rock mass.Rock mass elastic wave velocity is the synthesized reflection of rock quality,rock mass structure,and rock mass existing environment.Quantities of in-situ wave velocity tests have been carried out at the site of Daliushu dam,among which cave wall wave velocity tests on 261 segments,in-between caves rock mass penetrating wave velocity tests on 65 fans,and in-between caves rock mass CT penetrating wave velocity tests on 6 sections.Compared with other dam sites,it is found that the wave velocity of rock mass at the site of Daliushu dam is obviously low,and it is generally equivalent to the wave velocity of weathered strip and faultage of other dam sites.What′s more,its cave wall wave velocity,the in-between caves rock mass penetrating wave velocity,and the in-between caves rock mass CT penetrating wave velocity have no distinctive difference,which is the specific characteristic of dynamo-relaxed rock mass.Comparison between rock mass elastic wave velocity and rock mass basic quality evaluation BQ shows that there′s a good linear relation between them.The wave velocity reflects the rock mass quality in the tested area.
引文
[1]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡河段开发重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.(Han Wenfeng.Study on Important EngineeringGeological Problems about Development of Heishan Gorge on theYellow River[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[2]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡大柳树松动岩体工程地质研究[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1993.(Han Wenfeng.Research on the GeologyEngineering of Dynamo-relaxed Rock Mass at Heishan Gorge onYellow River[M].Lanzhou:Gansu Science and Technology Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[3]谌文武,梁收运,刘高,等.松动岩体的工程特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):751–755.(Chen Wenwu,LiangShouyun,Liu Gao,et al.Study on engineering characteristics of thedynamo-relaxed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2000,19(6):751–755.(in Chinese))
[4]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武,等.黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址与小观音坝址岩体质量差异的原因探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2 551–2 554.(Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu,et al.Research on reason of rockmass difference between Daliushu andXiaoguanyin dam sites on Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2 551–2 554.(in Chinese))
[5]胡海涛,罗国煜,许兵,等.黄河黑山峡河段大柳树坝址工程地质专题研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(Hu Haitao,Luo Guoyu,Xu Bing,et al.Study on Engineering Geology of Daliushu Dam Site inHeishan Gorge,Yellow River[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(inChinese))
[6]姚增,丁梧秀.岩体地震破坏后弹性波波动力学参数特征研究——以黄河大柳树地区岩体为例[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1995,31(3):113–118.(Yao Zeng,Ding Wuxiu.A study on thecharacteristics of elastic wave dynamic parameters of rockmass damagedby earthquakes[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science),1995,31(3):113–118.(in Chinese))
[7]柴军瑞,李守义.大柳树水利枢纽坝区松动岩体的水力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 677–1 680.(Chai Junrui,Li Shouyi.Hydraulic properties of dynamo-relaxed rock mass at siteof Daliushu dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(10):1 677–1 680.(in Chinese))
[8]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡小观音坝址工程地质研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1999.(Han Wenfeng.Research on the Engineering Geologyof the Site of Xiaoguanyin Dam at Heishan Gorge on Yellow River[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]任自民,马代謦,沈泰,等.三峡工程坝基岩体工程研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.(Ren Zimin,Ma Daiqing,Shen Tai,et al.Study on Rock Engineering of the Three Gorges DamFoundation[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[10]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址岩体质量评价[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(增):473–477.(Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Rock mass quality evaluation of the site of Daliushudam at Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2002,10(Supp.):473–477.(in Chinese))
[11]方华,伍向阳,杨伟.岩石中裂纹对弹性波速度的影响[J].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4):79–83.(Fang Hua,Wu Xiangyang,Yang Wei.Effect of micro-crack in rock on elastic wave velocity[J].Advance of Geophysics,1998,13(4):79–83.(in Chinese))
[2]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡大柳树松动岩体工程地质研究[M].兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,1993.(Han Wenfeng.Research on the GeologyEngineering of Dynamo-relaxed Rock Mass at Heishan Gorge onYellow River[M].Lanzhou:Gansu Science and Technology Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[3]谌文武,梁收运,刘高,等.松动岩体的工程特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):751–755.(Chen Wenwu,LiangShouyun,Liu Gao,et al.Study on engineering characteristics of thedynamo-relaxed rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2000,19(6):751–755.(in Chinese))
[4]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武,等.黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址与小观音坝址岩体质量差异的原因探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(增2):2 551–2 554.(Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu,et al.Research on reason of rockmass difference between Daliushu andXiaoguanyin dam sites on Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(Supp.2):2 551–2 554.(in Chinese))
[5]胡海涛,罗国煜,许兵,等.黄河黑山峡河段大柳树坝址工程地质专题研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(Hu Haitao,Luo Guoyu,Xu Bing,et al.Study on Engineering Geology of Daliushu Dam Site inHeishan Gorge,Yellow River[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(inChinese))
[6]姚增,丁梧秀.岩体地震破坏后弹性波波动力学参数特征研究——以黄河大柳树地区岩体为例[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1995,31(3):113–118.(Yao Zeng,Ding Wuxiu.A study on thecharacteristics of elastic wave dynamic parameters of rockmass damagedby earthquakes[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science),1995,31(3):113–118.(in Chinese))
[7]柴军瑞,李守义.大柳树水利枢纽坝区松动岩体的水力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(10):1 677–1 680.(Chai Junrui,Li Shouyi.Hydraulic properties of dynamo-relaxed rock mass at siteof Daliushu dam[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(10):1 677–1 680.(in Chinese))
[8]韩文峰.黄河黑山峡小观音坝址工程地质研究[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1999.(Han Wenfeng.Research on the Engineering Geologyof the Site of Xiaoguanyin Dam at Heishan Gorge on Yellow River[M].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[9]任自民,马代謦,沈泰,等.三峡工程坝基岩体工程研究[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.(Ren Zimin,Ma Daiqing,Shen Tai,et al.Study on Rock Engineering of the Three Gorges DamFoundation[M].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[10]李雪峰,韩文峰,谌文武.黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址岩体质量评价[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(增):473–477.(Li Xuefeng,Han Wenfeng,Chen Wenwu.Rock mass quality evaluation of the site of Daliushudam at Heishan Gorge of Yellow River[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2002,10(Supp.):473–477.(in Chinese))
[11]方华,伍向阳,杨伟.岩石中裂纹对弹性波速度的影响[J].地球物理学进展,1998,13(4):79–83.(Fang Hua,Wu Xiangyang,Yang Wei.Effect of micro-crack in rock on elastic wave velocity[J].Advance of Geophysics,1998,13(4):79–83.(in Chinese))
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