塔里木盆地结晶基底的反射地震调查
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摘要
大型克拉通内部沉积盆地基底组构与盆地起源和油气聚集有密切关系.除了钻井岩心及周缘露头研究可提供盆地结晶基底类型证据外,反射地震信号记录了沉积盆地起源时期的有关大地构造作用信息,盆地基底组构可通过记录长度大的反射地震剖面研究.2007年中石化在塔里木盆地将1400km的地震剖面接收记录从6s加长到12s,为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底的组构和类型提供了难得的第一手资料.这篇文章主要介绍这次调查的反射地震剖面,讨论深反射地震数据处理的关键技术,展示塔里木盆地巴楚—塔中地区的四条12s反射地震剖面,并对反射剖面的散射模式作初步分析.本次调查表明,将地震剖面接收记录从6s加长到12s,采集处理的成本只增加了3%左右,但是可为研究克拉通盆地结晶基底和上地壳不均匀性提供很有价值的第一手资料.
Basement characteristics of a large cratonic sedimentary basin are closely related to the origin of sedimentary basins and to the formation of oil/gas fields.Information about the basements can be obtained from deep drilling within or from outcrop sampling around the basins,as well as can be obtained from reflection records that contain some tectonic information about early-deposited strata in the sedimentary basins.However,basement study requires reflection investigation with longer-time recording windows.In 2007,we extended the reflection recording window from 6 s to 12 s,obtained the first-hand seismic records for the study of basement structures in the Tarim basin.This 12 s reflection investigation contains 4 lines with total profile lengths of 1400 km.This paper presents these seismic profiles in detail after a short discussion of data acquisition and processing techniques,and then analyzes scattering patterns correlated to different parts within the basement.The investigation increases the 3% cost for longer data records,while has provided much more useful first-hand data for understanding of early development of the cratonic sedimentary basin and heterogeneity of the upper crust.
Basement characteristics of a large cratonic sedimentary basin are closely related to the origin of sedimentary basins and to the formation of oil/gas fields.Information about the basements can be obtained from deep drilling within or from outcrop sampling around the basins,as well as can be obtained from reflection records that contain some tectonic information about early-deposited strata in the sedimentary basins.However,basement study requires reflection investigation with longer-time recording windows.In 2007,we extended the reflection recording window from 6 s to 12 s,obtained the first-hand seismic records for the study of basement structures in the Tarim basin.This 12 s reflection investigation contains 4 lines with total profile lengths of 1400 km.This paper presents these seismic profiles in detail after a short discussion of data acquisition and processing techniques,and then analyzes scattering patterns correlated to different parts within the basement.The investigation increases the 3% cost for longer data records,while has provided much more useful first-hand data for understanding of early development of the cratonic sedimentary basin and heterogeneity of the upper crust.
引文
[1]康玉柱主编.中国塔里木盆地石油地质特征及资源评价.北京:地质出版社,1996.Kang Y Z.Petroleum Geology on Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996.
[2]康玉柱,王宗秀.塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用研究.北京:中国大地出版社,2009.Kang Y Z,Wang Z X.Structure system and oil/gasformation of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,2009.
[3]贾承造主编.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.Jia C Z.Structure and Oil/Gas in Tarim Basin,China(inChinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[4]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖等.塔里木盆地及周边地层.北京:科学出版社,2004.Jia C Z,Zhang S B,Wu S Z,et al.Stratigraphy aroundTarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[5]方大钧,沈忠锐,谈晓冬等.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.Fang D J,Shen Z Y,Tan X D,et,al.Paleomagnetism ofTarim Basin and the plate motion(in Chinese).Hangzhou:Zhejiang Univ.Press,2006.
[6]杨文采.古特提斯域大地构造物理学.北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Yang W C.Tectonophysics of Paleo-Tethyan(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[7]侯遵泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构,中国科学(D辑),2011,41(1):29-39.Hou Z Z,Yang W C.Multi-scale inversion of densitystructure from gravity anomalies in Tarim Basin.Sci.inChina,Ser.D,2011,41(1):29-39.
[8]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理长剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(4):206-217.Yang W C,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et.al.Long profile ofgeophysical investigations from Tanchen to Lienzhui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):206-217.
[9]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370-384.Yang W C,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismicreflectors inferred from observations at the Chinesecontinental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):386-392.
[10]Yang W C.Crustal structure and development of SuluUHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Episodes,1997,20(2):40-43.
[11]Yang W C.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20-24.
[12]Yang W C.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277-288.
[13]Yang W C.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possibleevidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219-230.
[14]Yang W C.Deep structures of the east Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,East China.Science in ChinaSer.D,2003,46(6):612-624.
[15]Yang W C.The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPMbelt.Tectonophysics,2009,475,Iss.2:226-234.
[16]杨文采.用于岩石圈调查的深反射地震.地球物理学进展.1991,6(3):19-28.Yang W C.Deep seismic reflection applied to lithosphericinvestigations.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,6(3):19-28.
[17]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I)——深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):41-52.Yang W C,Cheng Z Y,Chen G J,et.al.Geophysicalinvestigations of northern Sulu UHPM belt(I):Deep seismicreflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):57-70.
[18]杨文采.地球物理反演与地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1989.Yang Wen-cai.Geophysical Inversion and SeismicTomography(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1989.
[19]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997.Yang W C.Theory and methods in Geophysical Inversion(inChinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[20]杨文采,陈志德.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造.中国科学(D辑),2005,35(12):1120-1130.Yang W C,Chen Z D.Seismic multi-arch structures in EastChina.Science in China Ser.D,2006,49(2):133-146.
[21]何文渊,邹光辉,刘胜等.塔里木盆地西部构造演化特征与油气勘探方向.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.He W Y,Wu G H,Liu S,et al.Structure evolution ang oil/gas exploration in West Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[22]杨文采,金振民,于常青.结晶岩中天然气异常的地震响应.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(9):1057-1068.Yang W C,Jin Z M,Yu C Q.Seismic response to naturalgas anomalies in crystalline rocks.Sci.in China,Ser.D,2008,51(12):1726-1736.
[23]杨文采,许志琴,于常青.上地壳中副片麻岩的反射属性.中国科学(D辑),2007,37(11):1425-1432.Yang W C,Xu Z Q,Yu C Q.Reflection attributes ofparagneiss in the upper crust.Sci.in China,Ser.D,2008,51(1):1-10.
[24]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477-489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofChinese continental deep drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477-489.
[25]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1685-1696.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Calibration of seismicreflectors in Chinese continental deep drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1685-1696.
[26]Xu Z Q,Yang W C,Ji S C,et al.Deep root of a continentalcollision belt:Evidence from the Chinese ContinentalScientific Drilling(CCSD)deep borehole in the Suluultrahigh-pressure(HP—UHP)metamorphic terrane,China.Tectonophysics,2009,475,Iss.2:204-219.
[27]杨文采,王家林,钟慧智等.塔里木盆地航磁场分析与磁源体结构.地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1278-1287,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.023.Yang W C,Wang J L,Zhong H Z,et al.Analysis of regionalmagnetic field and source structure in Tarim Basin.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1278-1287,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.023.
[28]徐鸣洁,王良书,胡德昭等.塔里木盆地西部航磁数据变换处理与基底断裂分析.地球物理学报,2002,45(增刊):157-164.Xu M J,Wang L S,Hu D Z,et al.Aeromagnetic datatransforming and basement faults analysis in the westernTarim basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(suppl):157-164.
[29]于常青,杨文采,李学良等.塔里木盆地深反射地震资料处理.中国地质,2011,38(4):1032-1047.Yu C Q,Yang W C,Li X L,et al.The processing of deepreflection seismic data in Tarim basin.Geology in China(inChinese),2011,38(4):1032-1047.
[30]于常青.用于油气检测的地震属性差异分析方法——在塔中地区的应用.中国地质,2011,38(4):1061-1065.Yu C Q.The application of seismic attributes varianceanalysis method for oil and gas detection in Tazhong area.Geology in China(in Chinese),2011,38(4):1061-1065.
[2]康玉柱,王宗秀.塔里木盆地构造体系控油作用研究.北京:中国大地出版社,2009.Kang Y Z,Wang Z X.Structure system and oil/gasformation of Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:GeologicalPublishing House,2009.
[3]贾承造主编.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997.Jia C Z.Structure and Oil/Gas in Tarim Basin,China(inChinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[4]贾承造,张师本,吴绍祖等.塔里木盆地及周边地层.北京:科学出版社,2004.Jia C Z,Zhang S B,Wu S Z,et al.Stratigraphy aroundTarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Science Press,2004.
[5]方大钧,沈忠锐,谈晓冬等.塔里木盆地显生宙古地磁与板块运动学.杭州:浙江大学出版社,2006.Fang D J,Shen Z Y,Tan X D,et,al.Paleomagnetism ofTarim Basin and the plate motion(in Chinese).Hangzhou:Zhejiang Univ.Press,2006.
[6]杨文采.古特提斯域大地构造物理学.北京:石油工业出版社,2009.Yang W C.Tectonophysics of Paleo-Tethyan(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009.
[7]侯遵泽,杨文采.塔里木盆地多尺度重力场反演与密度结构,中国科学(D辑),2011,41(1):29-39.Hou Z Z,Yang W C.Multi-scale inversion of densitystructure from gravity anomalies in Tarim Basin.Sci.inChina,Ser.D,2011,41(1):29-39.
[8]杨文采,胡振远,程振炎等.郯城—涟水综合地球物理长剖面.地球物理学报,1999,42(4):206-217.Yang W C,Hu Z Y,Cheng Z Y,et.al.Long profile ofgeophysical investigations from Tanchen to Lienzhui,east-central China.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(4):206-217.
[9]杨文采,张春贺,朱光明.标定大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射体.地球物理学报,2002,45(3):370-384.Yang W C,Zhang C H,Zhu G M.Calibration of seismicreflectors inferred from observations at the Chinesecontinental drilling area.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(3):386-392.
[10]Yang W C.Crustal structure and development of SuluUHPM Terrane in East-Central China.Episodes,1997,20(2):40-43.
[11]Yang W C.Analysis of deep intracontinental subduction.Episodes,2000,23(1):20-24.
[12]Yang W C.Geophysical profiling across the Sulu ultra-high-pressure metamorphic belt,Eastern China.Tectonophysics,2002,354:277-288.
[13]Yang W C.Flat mantle reflectors in eastern China:possibleevidence of lithospheric thinning.Tectonophysics,2003,369(3-4):219-230.
[14]Yang W C.Deep structures of the east Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,East China.Science in ChinaSer.D,2003,46(6):612-624.
[15]Yang W C.The crust and upper mantle of the Sulu UHPMbelt.Tectonophysics,2009,475,Iss.2:226-234.
[16]杨文采.用于岩石圈调查的深反射地震.地球物理学进展.1991,6(3):19-28.Yang W C.Deep seismic reflection applied to lithosphericinvestigations.Progress in Geophys.(in Chinese),1991,6(3):19-28.
[17]杨文采,程振炎,陈国九等.苏鲁超高压变质带北部地球物理调查(I)——深反射地震.地球物理学报,1999,42(1):41-52.Yang W C,Cheng Z Y,Chen G J,et.al.Geophysicalinvestigations of northern Sulu UHPM belt(I):Deep seismicreflection.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1999,42(1):57-70.
[18]杨文采.地球物理反演与地震层析成像.北京:地质出版社,1989.Yang Wen-cai.Geophysical Inversion and SeismicTomography(in Chinese).Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1989.
[19]杨文采.地球物理反演的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1997.Yang W C.Theory and methods in Geophysical Inversion(inChinese).Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[20]杨文采,陈志德.中国东部的多重拱弧地震构造.中国科学(D辑),2005,35(12):1120-1130.Yang W C,Chen Z D.Seismic multi-arch structures in EastChina.Science in China Ser.D,2006,49(2):133-146.
[21]何文渊,邹光辉,刘胜等.塔里木盆地西部构造演化特征与油气勘探方向.北京:石油工业出版社,2011.He W Y,Wu G H,Liu S,et al.Structure evolution ang oil/gas exploration in West Tarim Basin(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011.
[22]杨文采,金振民,于常青.结晶岩中天然气异常的地震响应.中国科学(D辑),2008,38(9):1057-1068.Yang W C,Jin Z M,Yu C Q.Seismic response to naturalgas anomalies in crystalline rocks.Sci.in China,Ser.D,2008,51(12):1726-1736.
[23]杨文采,许志琴,于常青.上地壳中副片麻岩的反射属性.中国科学(D辑),2007,37(11):1425-1432.Yang W C,Xu Z Q,Yu C Q.Reflection attributes ofparagneiss in the upper crust.Sci.in China,Ser.D,2008,51(1):1-10.
[24]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区的地震波速模型.地球物理学报,2006,49(2):477-489.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Seismic velocity model ofChinese continental deep drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(2):477-489.
[25]杨文采,杨午阳,程振炎.中国大陆科学钻探孔区地震反射的标定.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1685-1696.Yang W C,Yang W Y,Cheng Z Y.Calibration of seismicreflectors in Chinese continental deep drilling site.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(6):1685-1696.
[26]Xu Z Q,Yang W C,Ji S C,et al.Deep root of a continentalcollision belt:Evidence from the Chinese ContinentalScientific Drilling(CCSD)deep borehole in the Suluultrahigh-pressure(HP—UHP)metamorphic terrane,China.Tectonophysics,2009,475,Iss.2:204-219.
[27]杨文采,王家林,钟慧智等.塔里木盆地航磁场分析与磁源体结构.地球物理学报,2012,55(4):1278-1287,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.023.Yang W C,Wang J L,Zhong H Z,et al.Analysis of regionalmagnetic field and source structure in Tarim Basin.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2012,55(4):1278-1287,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.023.
[28]徐鸣洁,王良书,胡德昭等.塔里木盆地西部航磁数据变换处理与基底断裂分析.地球物理学报,2002,45(增刊):157-164.Xu M J,Wang L S,Hu D Z,et al.Aeromagnetic datatransforming and basement faults analysis in the westernTarim basin.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(suppl):157-164.
[29]于常青,杨文采,李学良等.塔里木盆地深反射地震资料处理.中国地质,2011,38(4):1032-1047.Yu C Q,Yang W C,Li X L,et al.The processing of deepreflection seismic data in Tarim basin.Geology in China(inChinese),2011,38(4):1032-1047.
[30]于常青.用于油气检测的地震属性差异分析方法——在塔中地区的应用.中国地质,2011,38(4):1061-1065.Yu C Q.The application of seismic attributes varianceanalysis method for oil and gas detection in Tazhong area.Geology in China(in Chinese),2011,38(4):1061-1065.
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