地震谱分解算法对比与局限性分析
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摘要
地震反射是典型的非平稳信号,地震谱分解实质上就是连续时频谱分析。谱分解为一非惟一的过程,可供选用的算法很多。每种算法既有优点,又有缺陷。为了达到精确应用的目的,选用适当的算法十分重要。在对目前常用的几种谱分解算法介绍的基础上,结合其中一些方法的谱分解结果,对各种算法的时间、频率分辨率进行了对比分析,指出了各类算法的局限性,并针对不同用途指出了适用的谱分解方法。
Seismic signal is a typical of non-stationary signal.Spectral decomposition in essence is a continuous time-frequency analysis of a seismic trace.Since time-frequency mapping is a non-unique process,there exist various ways for time-frequency analysis of non-stationary signals.Each algorithm has both advantages and disadvantages.It is very important to choose a suitable method for effective application of the technology.Based on a review of literatures,this paper described methods for performing spectral decomposition.The spectra from different methods were compared and analyzed in terms of resolution and localization in time and frequency domain.The factors affecting spectral decomposition were also discussed.Moreover,effective approaches were proposed according to different applications.
Seismic signal is a typical of non-stationary signal.Spectral decomposition in essence is a continuous time-frequency analysis of a seismic trace.Since time-frequency mapping is a non-unique process,there exist various ways for time-frequency analysis of non-stationary signals.Each algorithm has both advantages and disadvantages.It is very important to choose a suitable method for effective application of the technology.Based on a review of literatures,this paper described methods for performing spectral decomposition.The spectra from different methods were compared and analyzed in terms of resolution and localization in time and frequency domain.The factors affecting spectral decomposition were also discussed.Moreover,effective approaches were proposed according to different applications.
引文
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15张奎凤,蓝晖.短时窗地震信号谱分析方法[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):94～98
16徐伯勋,白旭滨.最大熵谱估计在油气检测中的应用[J].石油物探,1990,29(2):1～11
17Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe RP.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEEtrans-actions on signal processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
18Mallat S,Zhang Z.Matching pursuits with time-fre-quency dictionaries[J].IEEE Transactions on signal processing,1993,41(12):3397～3415
19Wang Yanghua.Seismic time-frequency spectral decompo-sition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13～20
20Hall M.Resolution and uncertaintyin spectral decom-position[J].First Break,2006,24(3):43～47
2Partyka G,Gridley J,Lopez J.Interpretational applica-tions of spectral decomposition in reservoir character-ization[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(3):353～360
3黄绪德.薄层陷频法[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(5):193～196
4Marfurt KJ,Kirlin R L.Narrow-band spectral analy-sis and thin-bed tuning[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1274～1283
5Burnett M D,Castagna J P,Me′ndez-Herna′ndez E,et al.Application of spectral decomposition to gas ba-sins in Mexico[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(11):1130～1134
6Castagna J P,Sun Shengjie,Siegfried R W.Instantane-ous spectral analysis:Detection of low-frequency shad-ows associated with hydrocarbons[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(2):120～127
7Sinha S,Routh P S,Anno P D,et al.Spectral decom-position of seismic data with continuous-wavelet trans-form[J].Geophysics,2005,70(6):19～25
8Stark T J.Visualization of spectral decomposition im-plied bed thickness as a function of relative geologic time by utilizing age and seismic-wheeler volumes[J].Expanded Abstracts of76thAnnual International SEG Meeting,2006,993～997
9秦绪英,朱海龙.时移地震技术及其应用现状分析[J].勘探地球物理进展,2006,30(3):219～225
10Widess MB.Howthinis a thin bed.[J]Geophysics,1973,38(6):1176～1180
11Liu Jianlei.Spectral decomposition and its application in mapping stratigraphy and hydrocarbons:[Disserta-tion][D].Houston:University of Houston,2006
12Castagna J,Sun S.Comparison of spectral decomposi-tion methods[J].First Break,2006,24(3):75～79
13印兴耀,张奎,张广智.联合时频分布及其属性的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(5):522～526
14邹文,陈爱萍,顾汉明.联合时频分析技术在地震勘探中的应用[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,8(4):246～250
15张奎凤,蓝晖.短时窗地震信号谱分析方法[J].石油物探,1995,34(2):94～98
16徐伯勋,白旭滨.最大熵谱估计在油气检测中的应用[J].石油物探,1990,29(2):1～11
17Stockwell R G,Mansinha L,Lowe RP.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEEtrans-actions on signal processing,1996,44(4):998～1001
18Mallat S,Zhang Z.Matching pursuits with time-fre-quency dictionaries[J].IEEE Transactions on signal processing,1993,41(12):3397～3415
19Wang Yanghua.Seismic time-frequency spectral decompo-sition by matching pursuit[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):13～20
20Hall M.Resolution and uncertaintyin spectral decom-position[J].First Break,2006,24(3):43～47
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