基于Petri网的地质灾害事件空间复杂结构模拟与分析系统
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摘要
地球系统中各种空间对象在时空及功能上的直接或间接的依赖关系是研究各种复杂问题的出发点,模拟和分析这些对象之间的直接和间接制约关系往往是认识复杂系统和进行空间决策的基础,如在地震、洪水、火灾等突发性事件发生过程中各种应急设施和部门的相互影响和制约往往是复杂的、不协调的关系.由此产生的级联效应往往会造成意想不到的严重后果.如何提高对灾害效应的认识,预警预报灾害的级联效应是提高灾害预防和应急反应能力的重要基础.在研究灾害事件中相关对象之间的空间复杂结构的基础上,通过建立定量关系来表示对象之间的相互关系,采用模糊Petri网技术模拟对象之间的级联效应.以四川汶川大地震后堰塞湖的空间复杂结构为例,动态模拟堰塞湖的潜在级联效应,推测出易受影响的堰塞湖,从而为有效防治地震后的次生灾害提供一种理论与技术思路.该方法和技术同样可以用于其他地学复杂系统结构的模拟和分析.
In the domain of earth system,temporal-spatial and functional direct or indirect interdependent relationships between geospatial objects provide the clue for the study of complex issues.The simulation and analysis of the direct and indirect dependent relationships between these geospatial objects are always the foundation to know complex systems and make geospatial decisions.For example,in some emergencies,such as earthquakes,floods,and fire disasters,the interrelated effect and dependency among particular infrastructures and departments are usually complicated and inharmonious.Then,the potential cascading effects may cause unexpected serious consequences.Therefore,how to know more about disaster effects,and forecast corresponding cascading effects becomes quite important and fundamental to increase the capability of disaster prevention and emergency response.Based on the study on geospatial complex structure among relative objects in disasters,this paper quantifies the interrelationships between these objects,and then applies fuzzy Petri net to simulate potential cascading effects between them.Finally,an example is included to illustrate geospatial complex structure of barrier lakes coming from the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province,China.The potential cascading effects among barrier lakes are dynamically simulated,and then the vulnerable barrier lakes can be found out,which provides one specific theory and technical method to efficiently prevent secondary disasters of earthquakes.In the same way,the proposed method and technique would be used to simulate and analyze other geoscientific complex system structures as well.
In the domain of earth system,temporal-spatial and functional direct or indirect interdependent relationships between geospatial objects provide the clue for the study of complex issues.The simulation and analysis of the direct and indirect dependent relationships between these geospatial objects are always the foundation to know complex systems and make geospatial decisions.For example,in some emergencies,such as earthquakes,floods,and fire disasters,the interrelated effect and dependency among particular infrastructures and departments are usually complicated and inharmonious.Then,the potential cascading effects may cause unexpected serious consequences.Therefore,how to know more about disaster effects,and forecast corresponding cascading effects becomes quite important and fundamental to increase the capability of disaster prevention and emergency response.Based on the study on geospatial complex structure among relative objects in disasters,this paper quantifies the interrelationships between these objects,and then applies fuzzy Petri net to simulate potential cascading effects between them.Finally,an example is included to illustrate geospatial complex structure of barrier lakes coming from the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province,China.The potential cascading effects among barrier lakes are dynamically simulated,and then the vulnerable barrier lakes can be found out,which provides one specific theory and technical method to efficiently prevent secondary disasters of earthquakes.In the same way,the proposed method and technique would be used to simulate and analyze other geoscientific complex system structures as well.
引文
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Rinaldi,S.M.,Peerenboom,J.P.,Kelly,T.K.,2001.Identi-fying,understanding,and analyzing critical infrastruc-ture interdependencies.IEEE Control Systems Maga-zine,12(6):11-25.
Schneis,T.D.,Collins,L.,2000.Disaster management andpreparedness.Lewis Publishers,Washington,D.C.,USA.
Wu,Z.H.,2006.Petri nets guide.China Machine IndustryPress,Beijing,1-2,264-265(in Chinese).
Zadeh,L.A.,1965.Fuzzy sets.Information and Control,8(3):338-353.
Zurawski,R.,Zhou,M.C.,1994.Petri nets and industrialapplications:A tutorial.IEEE Transactions on Indus-trial Electronics,41(6):567-583.
林闯,2005.随机Petri网和系统性能评价.北京:清华大学出版社,1-2.
吴哲辉,2006.Petri网导论.北京:机械工业出版社,1-2,264-265.
Chen,S.M.,2002.Weighted fuzzy reasoning using weightedfuzzy Petri nets.IEEE Transactions on Knowledge andData Engineering,14(2):386-397.
Chen,S.M.,Ke,J.S.,Chang,J.F.,1990.Knowledge repre-sentation using fuzzy Petri nets.IEEE Transactions onKnowledge and Data Engineering,2(3):311-319.
Cheng,Q.M.,2007.Afuzzy relation analysis method i mple-mented in GIS for modeling infrastructure interdepend-ency.In:Lecture notes in geoinformation and cartogra-phy.Heidelberg,Springer,Berlin.
Dudenhoeffer,D.D.,Permann,M.R.,Manic,M.,2006.CI MS:Aframework for infrastructure interdependencymodeling and analysis.IEEE Winter Si mulation Confer-ence.USA,IEEE,478-485.
Dunn,M.,Wigert,I.,2004.International CIIP handbook2004:Aninventory and analysis of protection policies infourteen countries.Swiss Federal Institute of Technolo-gy,Zurich,243.
Levy,S.,1992.Artificial life—A report from the frontierwhere computers meet biology.Vintage,New York.
Li,X.,Rosano,F.L.,2000.Adaptive fuzzy Petri nets for dy-namic knowledge representation and inference.ExpertSystems with Applications,19(3):235-241.
Li,X.,Yu,W.,2001.Object oriented fuzzy Petri net forcomplex knowledge system modeling.Proceeding of the IEEEinternational conference on control applications.September5-7,2001.Mexico City,Mexico.
Lin,C.,2005.Stochastic Petri nets and system performanceevaluation.Tsinghua University Press,Beijing,1-2(inChinese).
Murata,T.,1989.Petri nets:Properties,analysis and applica-tions.Proc.IEEE,77(44):541-580.
Rinaldi,S.M.,Peerenboom,J.P.,Kelly,T.K.,2001.Identi-fying,understanding,and analyzing critical infrastruc-ture interdependencies.IEEE Control Systems Maga-zine,12(6):11-25.
Schneis,T.D.,Collins,L.,2000.Disaster management andpreparedness.Lewis Publishers,Washington,D.C.,USA.
Wu,Z.H.,2006.Petri nets guide.China Machine IndustryPress,Beijing,1-2,264-265(in Chinese).
Zadeh,L.A.,1965.Fuzzy sets.Information and Control,8(3):338-353.
Zurawski,R.,Zhou,M.C.,1994.Petri nets and industrialapplications:A tutorial.IEEE Transactions on Indus-trial Electronics,41(6):567-583.
林闯,2005.随机Petri网和系统性能评价.北京:清华大学出版社,1-2.
吴哲辉,2006.Petri网导论.北京:机械工业出版社,1-2,264-265.
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