青藏高原及邻区的Rayleigh面波的方位各向异性
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摘要
用Rayleigh波层析成像研究青藏高原地壳上地幔方位各向异性.收集了包括近年来在云南和川西藏东地区布设的流动台网在内的青藏高原及周边地区宽频带地震台站的记录,使得大部分地区有理想的射线覆盖,因此反演结果获得较高的分辨.模型分辨率的测试表明,大于400km范围内的各向异性特征以及大于2%的各向异性强度是可靠的.青藏高原内部的方位各向异性具有与大地构造相似的分区特征.高原东部大部分地区地壳各向异性强度大于2%,且表现为环绕喜马拉雅东构造结的顺时针旋转.在垂直方向上,高原内部的上地壳、下地壳和岩石圈地幔的各向异性方向基本一致,也与GPS所观测到的速度场和SKS快波方向基本一致,揭示高原下方的岩石圈变形是垂直连贯变形.在高原外部的云南地区,地壳和上地幔岩石圈方位各向异性的强度均小于2%,因此SKS波从核幔边界至台站间产生的分裂应主要归因于软流圈.
引文
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19McNamara D,Owens T,Silver P G,et al.Shear-wave anisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau.J Geophys Res,1994,99:13655—13665
20Hirn A,Jiang M,Sapin M,et al.Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of mantle flow beneath Himalayas and Tibet.Nature,1995,75:571—574
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29Holt W E,Chamot-Rooke N,LePichon X,et al.Velocity field in Asia inferred from Quaternary faults slip rates and global positioning system observations.J Geophys Res,2000,105:19185—19209
30尹安.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化—显生宙亚洲大陆生长.地球学报,2001,22(3):193—230
31Smith M,Dahlen F A.The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium.J Geophys Res,1973,78:3321—3333
32Huang Z,Luo Y,Peng Y J,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves in East Asia.Geophys Res Let,2004,31,L15617,doi:10.1029/2004G020399
33Debayle E,Kennett B,Priestley K.Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia.Nature,2005,433,doi:10.1038/nature03247
34Dziewonski A,Bloch S,Landisman M.A technique for the analysis of transient signals.Bull Seismol Soc Am,1969,59(1):427—444
35Constable S C,Parker R L,Constable C G.Occam’s inversion:a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromag-netic sounding data.Geophysics,1987,52:289—300
36黄忠贤,郑月军.面波速度的Occam反演.寸丹集-庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集.北京:科学出版社,1998.692—704
37Hearn T M.Anisotropic Pn tomography in the western United States.J Geophys Res,1996,101(B4):8403—8414
38Inoue H,Fukao Y,Tanabe K,et al.Whole mantle P-wave travel time tomography.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1990,59:294—328
39Humphreys E,Clayton R W.Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems.J Geophys Res,1988,93:1073—1085
40许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征.地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476—486
41许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492—501
42阚荣举,张四昌,晏凤桐,等.中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨.地球物理学报,1977,20:96—109
43石玉涛,高原,吴晶,等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性—快剪切波偏振特征.地震学报,2006,28(6):574—585
44Montagner J P,Griot-Pommera D A.How to relate body wave and surface wave anisotropy?J Geophys Res,2000,105(B8):19015—19027
45Hess H H.Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans.Nature,1964,203:629—631
46Sherrington H F,Zandt G,Frederiksen A.Crustal fabric in the Tibetan Plateau based on waveform inversions for seismic anisotropy parameters.J Geophys Res,2004,109,B02312,doi:10,1029/2002JB002345
47常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.云南地区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2006,49:197—204
48Karato S,Li P.Diffusive creep in perovskites:implications for the rheology of the lower mantle.Science,1992,255:1238—1240
49Kaneshima S,Silver P G.Anisotropy loci in the mantle beneath Central Peru.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1995,88:257—272
2England P C,Houseman G A.Finite strain calculation of continental deformation,2.Comparison with the India-Asia collision zone.JGeophys Res,1986,91:3664—3676
3Silver P G,Chan W W.Implication for continental structure and evolution from seismic anisotropy.Nature,1988,335:34—39
4Montagner J P,Tanimoto T.Global upper mantle tomography of seismic velocities and anisotroples.J Geophys Res,1991,96:20337—20351
5Chen W P,Molnar P.Constraints on the seismic wave velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau and their tectonic implications.J Geophys Res,1981,86:5937—5962
6Barazangi M,Ni J.Propagation characteristics of Pn and Sn beneath the Himalayan arc and Tibetan plateau:possible evidence for underthrusting of Indian continental lithosphere beneath Tibet.Geology,1982,10:179—185
7Hirn A,Lepine J C,Jobert G,et al.Crustal structure and variability of the Himalayan border of Tibet.Nature,1984,307:23—25
8Romanowicz B.Constraints on the structure of the Tibet plateau from pure path phase velocities of Love and Rayleigh waves.J Geophys Res,1982,87:6865—6883
9Bourjot L,Romanowicz B.Crust and upper mantle tomography in Tibet using surface waves.Geophys Res Lett,1992,19:881—884
10Wu F T,Levshin A L.Surface wave group velocity tomography of East Asia.Phys Earth Planet Int,1994,84:59—77
11Curtis A,Woodhouse J H.Crust and upper mantle shear velocity structure beneath the Tibetan plateau and surrounding regions from interevent surface wave phase velocity inversion.J Geophys Res,1997,102:11789—11813
12Wu F T,Levshin A L,Kozhevnikov V M.Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography of Siberia,China,and the vicinity.Pure Appl Geophys,1997,149:447—473
13Cotte N,Pedersen H,Campillo M,et al.Determination of the crustal structure in southern Tibet by dispersion and amplitude analysis of Rayleigh waves.Geophys J Int,1999,138:809—819
14姚振兴,李白基,梁尚鸿,等.青藏高原地区瑞利波群速度和地壳构造.地球物理学报,1981,24(3):287—295
15陈国英,曾融生.用地震面波频散研究喜马拉雅山和西藏高原岩石圈构造异常.地球物理学报,1985,28(增刊Ⅰ):167—173
16周兵,朱介寿,秦建业.青藏高原及邻近区域S波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1991,34(4):426—441
17庄真,傅竹武,吕梓龄,等.青藏高原及邻近地区地壳与上地幔剪切波三维速度结构.地球物理学报,1992,35(6):694—709
18苏伟,彭艳菊,郑月军,等.青藏高原及其邻区地壳上地幔S波速度结构.地球学报,2002,23(3):193—200
19McNamara D,Owens T,Silver P G,et al.Shear-wave anisotropy beneath the Tibetan Plateau.J Geophys Res,1994,99:13655—13665
20Hirn A,Jiang M,Sapin M,et al.Seismic anisotropy as an indicator of mantle flow beneath Himalayas and Tibet.Nature,1995,75:571—574
21Guibert J,Poupinet G,Jiang M.A study of azimuthal P residuals and shear-wave splitting across the Kunlun range(northern Tibetan Plateau).Phys Earth Planet Int,1996,95:167—174
22Lave T,Avouac J P,Lacassin R,et al.Seismic anisotropy beneath Tibet:evidence for eastward extrusion of the Tibetan lithosphere?Earth Planet Sci Lett,1996,140:83—96
23Sandoval E,Ni J,Kind R,et al.Seismic anisotropy beneath the southern Himalayas-Tibet collision zone.J Geophs Res,1997,102:17813—17823
24Huang W C,Ni J,Tilmann F,et al.Seismic polarization anisotropy beneath the central Tibetan Plateau.J Geophs Res,2000,105:27979—27989
25丁志峰,曾融生.青藏高原上地幔横波各向异性的探测研究.地球物理学报,1996,39(2):211—220
26姜枚,许志琴,Hirn A,等.青藏高原及其部分邻区地震各向异性和上地幔特征.地球学报,2001,22(2):111—116
27高原,滕吉文.中国大陆地壳与上地幔各向异性研究.地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):180—185
28王椿镛,常利军,吕智勇,等.青藏高原东部上地幔各向异性及相关的壳幔耦合型式.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2007,37(4):495—503
29Holt W E,Chamot-Rooke N,LePichon X,et al.Velocity field in Asia inferred from Quaternary faults slip rates and global positioning system observations.J Geophys Res,2000,105:19185—19209
30尹安.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化—显生宙亚洲大陆生长.地球学报,2001,22(3):193—230
31Smith M,Dahlen F A.The azimuthal dependence of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation in a slightly anisotropic medium.J Geophys Res,1973,78:3321—3333
32Huang Z,Luo Y,Peng Y J,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy of Rayleigh waves in East Asia.Geophys Res Let,2004,31,L15617,doi:10.1029/2004G020399
33Debayle E,Kennett B,Priestley K.Global azimuthal seismic anisotropy and the unique plate-motion deformation of Australia.Nature,2005,433,doi:10.1038/nature03247
34Dziewonski A,Bloch S,Landisman M.A technique for the analysis of transient signals.Bull Seismol Soc Am,1969,59(1):427—444
35Constable S C,Parker R L,Constable C G.Occam’s inversion:a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from electromag-netic sounding data.Geophysics,1987,52:289—300
36黄忠贤,郑月军.面波速度的Occam反演.寸丹集-庆贺刘光鼎院士工作50周年学术论文集.北京:科学出版社,1998.692—704
37Hearn T M.Anisotropic Pn tomography in the western United States.J Geophys Res,1996,101(B4):8403—8414
38Inoue H,Fukao Y,Tanabe K,et al.Whole mantle P-wave travel time tomography.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1990,59:294—328
39Humphreys E,Clayton R W.Adaptation of back projection tomography to seismic travel time problems.J Geophys Res,1988,93:1073—1085
40许忠淮,汪素云,黄雨蕊,等.由多个小震推断的青甘和川滇地区地壳应力场的方向特征.地球物理学报,1987,30(5):476—486
41许忠淮.东亚地区现今构造应力图的编制.地震学报,2001,23(5):492—501
42阚荣举,张四昌,晏凤桐,等.中国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨.地球物理学报,1977,20:96—109
43石玉涛,高原,吴晶,等.云南地区地壳介质各向异性—快剪切波偏振特征.地震学报,2006,28(6):574—585
44Montagner J P,Griot-Pommera D A.How to relate body wave and surface wave anisotropy?J Geophys Res,2000,105(B8):19015—19027
45Hess H H.Seismic anisotropy of the uppermost mantle under oceans.Nature,1964,203:629—631
46Sherrington H F,Zandt G,Frederiksen A.Crustal fabric in the Tibetan Plateau based on waveform inversions for seismic anisotropy parameters.J Geophys Res,2004,109,B02312,doi:10,1029/2002JB002345
47常利军,王椿镛,丁志峰.云南地区SKS波分裂研究.地球物理学报,2006,49:197—204
48Karato S,Li P.Diffusive creep in perovskites:implications for the rheology of the lower mantle.Science,1992,255:1238—1240
49Kaneshima S,Silver P G.Anisotropy loci in the mantle beneath Central Peru.Phys Earth Planet Inter,1995,88:257—272
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