西昆仑造山带下岩石圈地幔速度结构
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摘要
在已完成的新疆地学断面研究计划实施中曾在西昆仑山前布置了14个宽频带地震台站.利用记录到的远震P波初至和层析成像方法,研究了西昆仑造山带下的岩石圈地幔结构特征.在已有地震学证据基础上,层析成像结果显示,西昆仑造山带下的高速岩石圈地幔可能是印度岩石圈地幔的俯冲前缘.沿东经80°深度剖面图像显示,在西昆仑造山带下的150~300km处,高速异常的岩石圈地幔前锋与低速异常的塔里木块体岩石圈地幔发生了面对面碰撞.
3-D seismic velocity structure of lithospheric mantle beneath the western Kunlun orogenic belt and its foreland was obtained by a tomographic method using P-wave arrival times from 86 teleseismic events recorded by 14 broad-band stations,which were deployed by Xinjiang Global Geoscience Transect Project in the west Kunlun orogenic belts and the southern margin of Tarim basin during 1997～1998.Combined with the previous seismological studies in the region,our results show that the lithospheric mantle beneath the west Kunlun orogenic belts is perhaps the frontier of the subducted lithospheric mantle of the Indian Plate. The image along 80°E in the study area clearly shows that the lithospheric mantle beneath west Kunlun orogenic belts with high-velocity anomaly collided with that of the Tarim blocks in the front of Eurasia Plate with low-velocity anomaly,in the depth range of 150 to 300km.
3-D seismic velocity structure of lithospheric mantle beneath the western Kunlun orogenic belt and its foreland was obtained by a tomographic method using P-wave arrival times from 86 teleseismic events recorded by 14 broad-band stations,which were deployed by Xinjiang Global Geoscience Transect Project in the west Kunlun orogenic belts and the southern margin of Tarim basin during 1997～1998.Combined with the previous seismological studies in the region,our results show that the lithospheric mantle beneath the west Kunlun orogenic belts is perhaps the frontier of the subducted lithospheric mantle of the Indian Plate. The image along 80°E in the study area clearly shows that the lithospheric mantle beneath west Kunlun orogenic belts with high-velocity anomaly collided with that of the Tarim blocks in the front of Eurasia Plate with low-velocity anomaly,in the depth range of 150 to 300km.
引文
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[18]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P and Swave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97(B13):19909~19928
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[22]毕华,王中刚,王元龙等.西昆仑造山带构造-岩浆演化史.中国科学(D辑),1999,29(5):398~406Bi H,Wang Z G,Wang Y L,et al.History of tectono_magmaticevolution in the Western Kunlun orogen.Science in China(SeriesD)(in Chinese),1999,29(5):398~406
[23]罗照华,张文会,邓晋福等.西昆仑地区新生代火山岩中的深源包体.地学前缘,2000,7(1):295~298Luo Z H,Zhang W H,Deng J F,et al.Characteristic and geologicalsignificance of the deep_seated xenoliths in Cenozoic basalt inKangxiwa,Western Kunlun.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2000,7(1):295~298
[24]孙世群,王道轩.西昆仑造山带主要变形期的磁性组构特征及其构造意义.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(4):109~114Sun S Q,Wang D X.Magnetic fabric characteristics of maindeformation phases in the western Kunlun orogenic belt and theirtectonic implications.Journal of Hefei University of Technology(inChinese),1997,20(4):109~114
[25]李茂玮.帕米尔-西昆仑地震带强震活动的规律性特征.内陆地震,1994,8(2):134~140Li M W.Regularity of strong earthquakes in Parmir_West Kunlunseismic zone.Inland Earthquake(in Chinese),1994,8(2):134~140
[26]高锐,肖序常,高弘等.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地质通报,2002,21(1):11~18Gao R,Xiao X C,Gao H,et al.Summary of deep seismic probingof the lithospheric structure across the West Kunlun_Tarim_Tianshan.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2002,21(1):11~18
[27]Um J,Turber C H.A fast algorithm for two_point seismic raytracing.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.,1987,77:972~986
[28]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:an algorithm for sparse linearequations and sparse least squares.Assoc.Comput.Mach.Trans.Math.Software,1982,8:43~71
[29]Engdahl E R,Lee W H K.Relocation of local eqrthquakes byseismic ray tracing.J.Geophys.Res.,1976,81:4400~4406
[30]Turber C H.Earthquake locations and three_dimensional crustalstructure in the Coyote Lake area,central Califormnia.J.Geophys.Res.,1983,88:8226~8236
[31]Humphreys E,Clayton R.Adaptation of back projection tomographyto seismic travel time problems.J.Geophys.Res.,1988,93:1073~1085
[32]雷建设,周蕙兰.中国西南及邻区上地幔P波三维速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(2):126~134Lei J S,Zhou H L.3_D velocity structure of P wave in the uppermantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(2):126~134
[33]Matte P H,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N,et al.Tectonics of WesternTibet,between the Tarim and the Indus.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,1996,142:311~330
[34]Cowgill E,Yin An,Harrison T M,et al.Reconstruction of the AltynTagh fault based on U_Pb geochronology:role of back thrusts,mantlesutures,and heterogeneous crustal strength in forming the TibetanPlateau.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B7),2346,doi:10.1029/2002 JB 002080
[35]Chen Wang_Ping,Yang Zhaohui.Earthquakes beneath the Himalayasand Tibet:Evidence for strong lithospheric mantle.Science,2004,304:1949~1952
[36]Zhou Hua_wei,Murphy M A.Tomographic evidence for wholesaleunderthrusting of India beneath the entire Tibetan plateau.J.AsianEarth Sci.,2005,25:445~457
[37]Willett S D,Beaumont C.Subduction of Asian lithospheric mantlebeneath Tibet inferred from models of continental collision.Nature,1994,369:642~645
[38]Xiao Xuchang,Liu X,Gao R,et al.Collision tectonics between theTarim block(Basin)and the northwestem Tibet plateau:newobservations from a multidisciplinary geoscientific investigation in thewesterm Kunlun Moutains.Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(2):126~132
[39]Maheo G,Guillot S.Blichert_Toft J,et al.A slab breakoff model forthe Neogene thermal evolution of South Karakorum and South Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,195:45~58
[40]张贵宾,高锐,萧序常.横过西昆仑和塔里木结合带的山隆盆降机制动力学模拟.地球学报,2001,22(6):541~546Zhang G B,Gao R,Xiao X C.Modelling of the evolution of collisionmountain range across the contact zone between west Kunlun andTarim.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):541~546
[41]Wessel P,Smith W.New version of the Generic Mapping Tools(GMT)version 3.0 released.EOS Trans.AGU,1995,76:329
[2]秦国卿,陈九辉,刘大建等.昆仑山脉和喀喇昆仑山脉地区的地壳上地幔电性结构特征.地球物理学报,1994,37(2):193~199Qin G Q,Chen J H,Liu D J,et al.The characteristics of theelectrical structure of the crust and upper mantle in the the region ofthe Kunlun and the Karakorum Mountains.Chinese J.Geophys.(Acta Geophysica Sinica)(in Chinese),1994,37(2):193~199
[3]鲁新便,石彦,田春来.塔里木盆地西南部-西昆仑地区构造电性特征与A型俯冲模式.石油试验地质,1995,17(3):238~248Lu X B,Shi Y,Tian C L.Tectonic electrical characteristics and A_model subducting patterns of southerwest Tarim basin-west Kunlunarea.Experimental Petroleum Geology(in Chinese),1995,17(3):238~248
[4]贾承造著.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997Jia C Z.Tectonic Characteristics and Petroleum:Tarim Basin,China,Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997
[5]Rumelhart P,Yin A,Butler R,et al.Cenozoic verical of the Altynfault system.Geology,1999,27:819~822
[6]高锐,黄东定,卢德源等.横过西昆仑造山带与塔里木盆地结合带的深地震反射剖面.科学通报,2000,45(17):1874~1879Gao R,Huang D D,Lu D Y,et al.Deep seismic reflection profileacross the conjunct zone between the Tarim basin and the WestKunlun Mountains.Chinese Science Bulletin,2000,45(17):1874~1879
[7]李秋生,卢德源,高锐等.新疆地学断面(泉水沟-独山子)深地震测深成果综合研究.地球学报,2001,22(6):534~540Li Q Sh,Lu D Y,Gao R,et al.An integrated study of deep seismicsounding profiling along Xinjiang global geosciences transect(Quanshuigou_Dushanzi).Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):534~540
[8]Kao Honn,Rui Gao,Ruey_Juin Rau,et al.Seismic image of theTarim basin and its collision with Tibet.Geology,2001,29(7):575~578
[9]李强,刘瑞丰,杜安陆等.新疆及毗邻地区地震层析成像.地球物理学报,1994,37(3):311~320Li Q,Liu R F,Du A L,et al.Seismic tomography of Xinjiang andadjacent region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),1994,37(3):311~320
[10]胥颐,朱介寿,刘志坚等.新疆天山及邻区地壳上地幔三维速度图像.地震学报,1994,16(4):480~487Xu Y,Zhu J S,Liu Z J,et al.3_D velocity imaging of crustal andupper mantle beneath Xinjiang Tianshan and its adjacent region.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),1994,16(4):480~487
[11]胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像.中国科学(D辑),2000,30(2):113~122Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.Seismic tomography of Northwesternorogenic zones and adjacent basins in China continent.Science inChina(Series D)(in Chinese),2000,30(2):113~122
[12]胥颐,刘福田,刘建华等.中国西北大陆碰撞带的深部特征及其动力学意义.地球物理学报,2001,44(1):40~47Xu Y,Liu F T,Liu J H,et al.Deep features of continental collisionbelts in northwestern China and their dynamic implications.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(1):40~47
[13]雷建设,周蕙兰,赵大鹏.帕米尔及邻区地壳上地幔P波三维速度结构的研究.地球物理学报,2002,45(6):802~811Lei J S,Zhou H L,Zhao D P.3_D velocity structure of P_wave inthe crust and upper_mantle beneath Pamir and adjacent region.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(6):802~811
[14]Aki K,Christoffersson A,Husebye E S.Determination of the threedimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere.J.Geophys.Res.,1977,82:277~296
[15]薛光琦,姜枚,宿和平等.利用层析成像研究青藏高原叶城_狮泉河地区深部结构.中国科学(D辑),2004,34(4):329~334Xue G Q,Jiang M,Su H P,et al.Study on the deep structurebeneath Yecheng_Shiquanhe area in Tibet plateau by tomography.Science in China(Series D)(in Chinese),2004,34(4):329~334
[16]Wittlinger G,Vergne J,Tapponnier P,et al.Teleseismic imaging ofsubducting lithosphere and Moho offsets beneath western Tibet.Earth Planet.Sci.Lett.,2004,221:117~130
[17]Zhao D.New advances of seismic tomography and its applications tosubduction zones and earthquake fault zones:a review.The IslandArc,2001,10:68~84
[18]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Horiuchi S.Tomographic imaging of P and Swave velocity structure beneath Northeastern Japan.J.Geophys.Res.,1992,97(B13):19909~19928
[19]Zhao D,Hasegawa A,Kanamori H.Deep structure of Japansubduction zone as derived from local,regional,and teleseismicevents.J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99(B11):22313~22329
[20]潘裕生.西昆仑的构造特征与演化.地质科学,1990,(3):224~231Pan Y S.Tectonic features and evolution of the Western KunlunMountain region.Scientia Geologica Sinica(in Chinese),1990,(3):224~232
[21]Yin A,Harrison T N.Geologic evolution of the Himalayan_Tibetanorogen.Annu.Rev.Earth.Planet.Sci.2000,28:211~280
[22]毕华,王中刚,王元龙等.西昆仑造山带构造-岩浆演化史.中国科学(D辑),1999,29(5):398~406Bi H,Wang Z G,Wang Y L,et al.History of tectono_magmaticevolution in the Western Kunlun orogen.Science in China(SeriesD)(in Chinese),1999,29(5):398~406
[23]罗照华,张文会,邓晋福等.西昆仑地区新生代火山岩中的深源包体.地学前缘,2000,7(1):295~298Luo Z H,Zhang W H,Deng J F,et al.Characteristic and geologicalsignificance of the deep_seated xenoliths in Cenozoic basalt inKangxiwa,Western Kunlun.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2000,7(1):295~298
[24]孙世群,王道轩.西昆仑造山带主要变形期的磁性组构特征及其构造意义.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),1997,20(4):109~114Sun S Q,Wang D X.Magnetic fabric characteristics of maindeformation phases in the western Kunlun orogenic belt and theirtectonic implications.Journal of Hefei University of Technology(inChinese),1997,20(4):109~114
[25]李茂玮.帕米尔-西昆仑地震带强震活动的规律性特征.内陆地震,1994,8(2):134~140Li M W.Regularity of strong earthquakes in Parmir_West Kunlunseismic zone.Inland Earthquake(in Chinese),1994,8(2):134~140
[26]高锐,肖序常,高弘等.西昆仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈深地震探测综述.地质通报,2002,21(1):11~18Gao R,Xiao X C,Gao H,et al.Summary of deep seismic probingof the lithospheric structure across the West Kunlun_Tarim_Tianshan.Geological Bulletin of China(in Chinese),2002,21(1):11~18
[27]Um J,Turber C H.A fast algorithm for two_point seismic raytracing.Bull.Seismo.Soc.Am.,1987,77:972~986
[28]Paige C C,Saunders M A.LSQR:an algorithm for sparse linearequations and sparse least squares.Assoc.Comput.Mach.Trans.Math.Software,1982,8:43~71
[29]Engdahl E R,Lee W H K.Relocation of local eqrthquakes byseismic ray tracing.J.Geophys.Res.,1976,81:4400~4406
[30]Turber C H.Earthquake locations and three_dimensional crustalstructure in the Coyote Lake area,central Califormnia.J.Geophys.Res.,1983,88:8226~8236
[31]Humphreys E,Clayton R.Adaptation of back projection tomographyto seismic travel time problems.J.Geophys.Res.,1988,93:1073~1085
[32]雷建设,周蕙兰.中国西南及邻区上地幔P波三维速度结构.地震学报,2002,24(2):126~134Lei J S,Zhou H L.3_D velocity structure of P wave in the uppermantle beneath southwestern China and its adjacent areas.ActaSeismologica Sinica(in Chinese),2002,24(2):126~134
[33]Matte P H,Tapponnier P,Arnaud N,et al.Tectonics of WesternTibet,between the Tarim and the Indus.Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters,1996,142:311~330
[34]Cowgill E,Yin An,Harrison T M,et al.Reconstruction of the AltynTagh fault based on U_Pb geochronology:role of back thrusts,mantlesutures,and heterogeneous crustal strength in forming the TibetanPlateau.J.Geophys.Res.,2003,108(B7),2346,doi:10.1029/2002 JB 002080
[35]Chen Wang_Ping,Yang Zhaohui.Earthquakes beneath the Himalayasand Tibet:Evidence for strong lithospheric mantle.Science,2004,304:1949~1952
[36]Zhou Hua_wei,Murphy M A.Tomographic evidence for wholesaleunderthrusting of India beneath the entire Tibetan plateau.J.AsianEarth Sci.,2005,25:445~457
[37]Willett S D,Beaumont C.Subduction of Asian lithospheric mantlebeneath Tibet inferred from models of continental collision.Nature,1994,369:642~645
[38]Xiao Xuchang,Liu X,Gao R,et al.Collision tectonics between theTarim block(Basin)and the northwestem Tibet plateau:newobservations from a multidisciplinary geoscientific investigation in thewesterm Kunlun Moutains.Acta Geologica Sinica,2001,75(2):126~132
[39]Maheo G,Guillot S.Blichert_Toft J,et al.A slab breakoff model forthe Neogene thermal evolution of South Karakorum and South Tibet.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2002,195:45~58
[40]张贵宾,高锐,萧序常.横过西昆仑和塔里木结合带的山隆盆降机制动力学模拟.地球学报,2001,22(6):541~546Zhang G B,Gao R,Xiao X C.Modelling of the evolution of collisionmountain range across the contact zone between west Kunlun andTarim.Acta Geoscientia Sinica(in Chinese),2001,22(6):541~546
[41]Wessel P,Smith W.New version of the Generic Mapping Tools(GMT)version 3.0 released.EOS Trans.AGU,1995,76:329
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