地震分辨力新认识
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摘要
地震分辨力一直是地震勘探研究的主要问题之一。本文在阐述了地震分辨力与地震分辨率差异的基础上,介绍了地震分辨力的定义、准则,讨论了地震分辨力同地震地质解释能力之间的关系和差异,重新认识了噪声与分辨力的关系。研究认为:地震分辨力是地震资料的一种客观存在,它只决定于地震子波的特性,与地震剖面中是否存在噪声无关。提高地震分辨力的惟一途径是改善地震子波本身的特性。提高地震资料的信噪比只能提高地震地质解释能力,不能从根本上提高分辨力。在地震分辨力一定的条件下,利用特殊的方法(技术)可以解释地层厚度小于1/4波长的薄层的变化,但这并不意味着地震分辨力的提高,仅仅说明地震地质解释能力的增强。
Seismic resolution is always one of major studied problems. On the basis of expounding the difference between the seismic identifying capability and seismic resolution, the paper introduced the definition and criterion of seismic identifying capability, discussed the relationship and difference between seismic identifying capability and geologic interpretation ability and renewed the knowledge about relationship between noise and identifying capability. The study showed that seismic identifying capability is a subjective existence of seismic data that only depends on the nature of seismic wavelet and is independent to whether the noises exists or not in seismic sections. The only way to improve seismic identifying capability is to improve the nature of seismic wavelet. Improving the S/N ratio can only improve seismic-geologic interpretation ability and cannot improve identifying capability fundamentally. Under the condition of fixed seismic identifying capability, using special method (technique) can interpret the variation in thin beds that the thickness of strata is less than λ/4,but never means that the seismic identifying capability will be improved and only illustrates that the seismic-geologic interpretation ability will be strengthened.
Seismic resolution is always one of major studied problems. On the basis of expounding the difference between the seismic identifying capability and seismic resolution, the paper introduced the definition and criterion of seismic identifying capability, discussed the relationship and difference between seismic identifying capability and geologic interpretation ability and renewed the knowledge about relationship between noise and identifying capability. The study showed that seismic identifying capability is a subjective existence of seismic data that only depends on the nature of seismic wavelet and is independent to whether the noises exists or not in seismic sections. The only way to improve seismic identifying capability is to improve the nature of seismic wavelet. Improving the S/N ratio can only improve seismic-geologic interpretation ability and cannot improve identifying capability fundamentally. Under the condition of fixed seismic identifying capability, using special method (technique) can interpret the variation in thin beds that the thickness of strata is less than λ/4,but never means that the seismic identifying capability will be improved and only illustrates that the seismic-geologic interpretation ability will be strengthened.
引文
[1] Widess M B. Quantifying resolution power of seismic systems. Geophysics, 1982, 47(8) : 1160-1173
[2] Kallweit R S and Wood L C. the limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets, Geophysics, 1982,47 (7): 1035-1046
[3] 云美厚．地震分辨率．勘探地球物理进展,2005,28 (1):12-18
[4] Ricker N. Wavelet contraction, wavelet expression, and the control of seismic resolution. Geophysics, 1953b, 18(24): 769-792
[5] Widess M A. How thin is a thin bed? Geophysics, 1973, 38(46):1176-1254
[6] Farr J B. High-resolution seismic methods improve stratigraphic exploration. Oil & Gas Journal, 1977, 75(48): 182-188
[7]凌云研究组．应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小 于1/4波长地质目标．石油地球物理勘探,2004,38 (3):268-274
[8] 凌云研究组．地震分辨率极限问题的研究．石油地球 物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442
[9] Sheriff R E and Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology:Cambridge University Press, 1982, 152-155
[10] 俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探．北京:石油工业出版社, 1993,1-34
[11]李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探 系统工程剖析．北京:石油工业出版社,1994,12-30
[12]蔺景龙等．油田开发应用地球物理．北京:石油工业出 版社,1996,249-297
[13] Knapp R W. Vertical resolution of thick beds thin beds, and bed cyclothems. Geophysics, 1990, 55 (9), 1183-1190
[2] Kallweit R S and Wood L C. the limits of resolution of zero-phase wavelets, Geophysics, 1982,47 (7): 1035-1046
[3] 云美厚．地震分辨率．勘探地球物理进展,2005,28 (1):12-18
[4] Ricker N. Wavelet contraction, wavelet expression, and the control of seismic resolution. Geophysics, 1953b, 18(24): 769-792
[5] Widess M A. How thin is a thin bed? Geophysics, 1973, 38(46):1176-1254
[6] Farr J B. High-resolution seismic methods improve stratigraphic exploration. Oil & Gas Journal, 1977, 75(48): 182-188
[7]凌云研究组．应用振幅的调谐作用探测地层厚度小 于1/4波长地质目标．石油地球物理勘探,2004,38 (3):268-274
[8] 凌云研究组．地震分辨率极限问题的研究．石油地球 物理勘探,2004,39(4):435-442
[9] Sheriff R E and Geldart L P. Exploration Seismology:Cambridge University Press, 1982, 152-155
[10] 俞寿朋．高分辨率地震勘探．北京:石油工业出版社, 1993,1-34
[11]李庆忠．走向精确勘探的道路——高分辨率地震勘探 系统工程剖析．北京:石油工业出版社,1994,12-30
[12]蔺景龙等．油田开发应用地球物理．北京:石油工业出 版社,1996,249-297
[13] Knapp R W. Vertical resolution of thick beds thin beds, and bed cyclothems. Geophysics, 1990, 55 (9), 1183-1190
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