兰德斯地震断层面及其附近余震产生的位移场研究
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摘要
根据兰德斯(Landers)地震断层面及其附近余震目录计算这些余震产生的位移场, 并与根据兰德斯地震破裂面滑动分布计算的主震产生的位移场进行对比. 结果表明, 断层面及其附近余震产生位移场的方向与主震大体一致, 余震破裂总体来看是继承性的. 余震产生的位移场达厘米量级, 足可以被GPS观测所捕获. 在利用地震震后随时间变化位移场研究地球粘性结构、地震震后滑动分布等地球物理问题时, 扣除余震产生的位移场可以最大限度地减小反演结果的不确定性, 得到符合实际的结果.
The displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is calculated in this study. The result is compared with the displacement field of the main shock calculated by co seismic slip model of Wald and Heaton (1994). The result shows that the direction of displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is consistent with that generated by main shock. The rupture of aftershock is generally inherited from main shock. The displacement field generated by aftershocks is up to an order of centimeter and can be measured by GPS sites nearby. So when we use geodetic data measured after earthquake to study the geophysical problem such as crustal viscosity structure, afterslip distribution, etc ., only the displacement field generated by aftershocks be considered that uncertainty would reduce to minimum and practical result could be obtained.
The displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is calculated in this study. The result is compared with the displacement field of the main shock calculated by co seismic slip model of Wald and Heaton (1994). The result shows that the direction of displacement field generated by aftershocks in Landers seismic fault plane and its adjacent areas is consistent with that generated by main shock. The rupture of aftershock is generally inherited from main shock. The displacement field generated by aftershocks is up to an order of centimeter and can be measured by GPS sites nearby. So when we use geodetic data measured after earthquake to study the geophysical problem such as crustal viscosity structure, afterslip distribution, etc ., only the displacement field generated by aftershocks be considered that uncertainty would reduce to minimum and practical result could be obtained.
引文
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WaldD J,HeatonT H.1994.Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the1992Landers,California earthquake[J].BullSeismSocAmer,84:668~691
ZengY.2001.Viscoelastic stress triggering of the1999HectorMine earthquake by the1992Landers earthquake[J].GeophysResLett,28:3007~3010
孙荀英,刘激扬,王仁.1994.1976年唐山地震震时和震后变形的模拟[J].地球物理学报,37(1):45~55
AoudiaA,BorghiA,RivaR, et al.2003.Postseismic deformation following the1997UmbriaMarche(Italy) moderatenormal faulting earthquakes[J].GeophysResLett,30:431~4BakP,ChristensenK,DanonL, et al.2002.Unified scaling law for earthquakes[J].PhysRevLett,88:1785011~4
DengJ,GurnisM,KanamoriH, et al.1998.Viscoelastic flow in the lower crust after the1992Landers,California,earthquake[J].Science,282:1689~1692
HaukssonE.2000.Crustal structure and seismicity distribution adjacent to thePacific andNorthAmerica plate boundaryinSouthernCalifornia[J].J GeophysRes,105:13875~13903
HardebeckJ L,HaukssonE.2001.Crustal stress field in southernCaliforni and its implications for fault mechanics[J].J GeophysRes,106:21859~21882
HillD P,ReasenbergP A,MichaelA, et al.1993.Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude7.3Landers,Califor nia, earthquake[J].Science,260:1617~1623
HudnutK W,BockY,ClineM, et al.1994.Co seismic displacements of the1992Landers earthquake sequences[J].BullSeismSocAmer,84:625~645
IvinsE R.1996.Transient creep of a composite lower crust,2,A poly mineralic basis for rapidly evolving postseismic de formation modes[J].J GeophysRes,101:28005~28028
KeilisBorokV I,KnopoffL,RotvainI M.1980.Bursts of aftershocks, long term precursors of strong earthquakes[J].Nature,283:259~263
KilbD,GombergJ,BodinP.2000.Triggering of earthquake aftershocks by dynamic stresses[J].Nature,408:570~574
LiuJ,SiehK,HaukssonE.2003.A structural interpretation of the aftershock“Cloud”of the1992MW7.3Landersearthquake[J].BullSeismSocAmer,93:1333~1344
MolchanG M,DmitrievaO E.1992.Aftershock identification: methods and new approaches[J].GeophysJ Int,109:501~516
NurA,MavkoG.1974.Postseismic viscoelastic rebound[J].Science,183:204~206
OkadaY.1992.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half space[J].BullSeismSocAmer,82:1018~1040
OwenS,AndersonG,AgnewD C, et al.2002.Early postseismic deformation from the16October1999MW7.1HectorMine,California, earthquake as measured by survey modeGPS[J].BullSeismSocAmer,92:1423~1432
PollitzF F,PeltzerG,BuergmannR.2000.Mobility of continental mantle: evidence from postseismic geodetic observa tions following the1992Landers earthquake[J].J GeophysRes,105:8035~8054
ReilingerR E,ErgintavS,BuergmannR, et al.2000.Coseismic and postseismic fault slip for the17August1999,M=7.5,Izimit,Turkey earthquake[J].Science,289:1519~1524
SavageJ C,SvarcJ L.1997.Postseismic deformation associated with the1992MW=7.3Landers earthquake,SouthernCalifornia[J].J GeophysRes,102:7565~7577
SavageJ C,SvarcJ L,PrescottW H.2003.Near field postseismic deformation associated with the1992Landers and1999HectorMine,California, earthquakes[J].J GeophysRes,108: doi:10.1029/2002JB002330
SeeberL,ArmbrusterJ G.2000.Earthquakes as beacons of stress change[J].Nature,407:69~72
ShenZ K,JacksonD D,FengY, et al.1994.Postseismic deformation following the1992Landers earthquake,Califor nia,28June1992[J].BullSeismSocAmer,84:780~791
WaldD J,HeatonT H.1994.Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the1992Landers,California earthquake[J].BullSeismSocAmer,84:668~691
ZengY.2001.Viscoelastic stress triggering of the1999HectorMine earthquake by the1992Landers earthquake[J].GeophysResLett,28:3007~3010
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