测井约束地震子波外推方法研究
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摘要
地震子波的提取是波阻抗反演及正演模拟的基础。本文首先研究了确定性子波提取方法所存在的问题，如子波长度的确定、截断误差的影响、直流分量的消除及随机噪声的影响等；然后对近期发展起来的利用地震记录的高阶累积量估算地震子波的方法进行了理论分析；进而将上述确定性方法和统计性方法结合起来，研制出了一种测井约束外推地震子波的新方法；最后对实际资料进行了试界，其结果表明，利用测井约束的子波外推方法获得的子波比传统方法要精确。
The extract of seismic wavelet is the base of wave impedance inversion and forward modeling. Some matters involved in extracting deterministic wavelet are discussed, which are the determination of wavelet length, effect of truncation error,the elimination of direct current component, random noise effect and so on. Then,a recent method for seismic wavelet estimation using a high-order cumulant of seismic data is analysed theoretically in detail. Combining deterministic method withstatistical method forms a new method for seismic wavelet extrapolation with constraint of log (lata. The trial result of real dilta shows that the seismic wavelers obtained with this new method are better than those produced with ordinary methods.
The extract of seismic wavelet is the base of wave impedance inversion and forward modeling. Some matters involved in extracting deterministic wavelet are discussed, which are the determination of wavelet length, effect of truncation error,the elimination of direct current component, random noise effect and so on. Then,a recent method for seismic wavelet estimation using a high-order cumulant of seismic data is analysed theoretically in detail. Combining deterministic method withstatistical method forms a new method for seismic wavelet extrapolation with constraint of log (lata. The trial result of real dilta shows that the seismic wavelers obtained with this new method are better than those produced with ordinary methods.
引文
1 Walden A T and White R E.On errors of fit and accuracy in matching synthetic seismograms and seismictraces.Geophysical Prospecting,1984,32(5):871～891
2 Oppenheim A V,Schafer R W.Digital signal processing,Prentice-Hall,Inc,1975
3 Bunch A W H and White R E. Least-squares filters without transient errors:An examination of the er-rors in least-squares filer design.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(5):657～673
4 Chow J A.On estimating the order of an ARMA process with uncertain observations,IEEE Trans,Auto-matic Contr,1972,AC-17:707～709
5 Cooke D A and Schneider W A. Generallied linear inversion of reflection seismic data. Geophysics, 1983,47(6):665～676
6 Veils D R and Ulrych T J.Simulated annealing wavelet estimation via fourth-order cumulant matching.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1939～1948
7 Giannakis G B,Inouye Y and Mendel J M.Cumulant based identification of multichannel moving-averagemodels.IEEE Trans Automatic Contr,1989,34:783~787
8 Lazear G D.Mixed phase wavelet estimation using fourth-oder cumulant.Geophysics,1993,58(7):1042～1051
9 Tugnait J K. Recovering the poles from third-order cumulants of system output,IEEE Trans AutomaticContr,1989,34:1085~1089
10 Mendel J M.Tutorial on higher-order statistics(spectra)in signal processing and system theory:theoreti-cal results and some application.Proc IEEE,1991,79:278～305
11 Landro M and Sollie R.Source signature determination by inversion,Geophysics,1992,57(12):1633～1640
12 Levy S and Clowes R M.Agenerlized linear inverse approach.Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(6);840～858
13 Lines L Rand Ulrych T J.The old and the new in seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimation.Geo-physical Prospecting,1977,25(3):512～540
14 Raghuveer M and Nikias C L.Bispectrum estimation: A parametric approch. IEEE Trans Acoust,Speech,Signal Processing,1985,33:1213~1230
15 Meidell N S.处理后的地震子波是否比我们想象的简单.石油物探译丛,1992,(5)
16 Richard V and Brac J.Wavelet analysis using well log information.Presented at 58th SEG Mtg,1988
17 Ulrych T J.Wavelet estimation revisited.The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1139~1142
18 Giannakis G B and Swami A.On estimating non-causal non-minimum phase ARMA models of non-gaus-sian processes.IEEE Trans Acoust,Signal Processing,1990,138:478~495
19 张贤达著.现代信号分析,清华大学出版社,1994
2 Oppenheim A V,Schafer R W.Digital signal processing,Prentice-Hall,Inc,1975
3 Bunch A W H and White R E. Least-squares filters without transient errors:An examination of the er-rors in least-squares filer design.Geophysical Prospecting,1985,33(5):657～673
4 Chow J A.On estimating the order of an ARMA process with uncertain observations,IEEE Trans,Auto-matic Contr,1972,AC-17:707～709
5 Cooke D A and Schneider W A. Generallied linear inversion of reflection seismic data. Geophysics, 1983,47(6):665～676
6 Veils D R and Ulrych T J.Simulated annealing wavelet estimation via fourth-order cumulant matching.Geophysics,1996,61(6):1939～1948
7 Giannakis G B,Inouye Y and Mendel J M.Cumulant based identification of multichannel moving-averagemodels.IEEE Trans Automatic Contr,1989,34:783~787
8 Lazear G D.Mixed phase wavelet estimation using fourth-oder cumulant.Geophysics,1993,58(7):1042～1051
9 Tugnait J K. Recovering the poles from third-order cumulants of system output,IEEE Trans AutomaticContr,1989,34:1085~1089
10 Mendel J M.Tutorial on higher-order statistics(spectra)in signal processing and system theory:theoreti-cal results and some application.Proc IEEE,1991,79:278～305
11 Landro M and Sollie R.Source signature determination by inversion,Geophysics,1992,57(12):1633～1640
12 Levy S and Clowes R M.Agenerlized linear inverse approach.Geophysical Prospecting,1980,28(6);840～858
13 Lines L Rand Ulrych T J.The old and the new in seismic deconvolution and wavelet estimation.Geo-physical Prospecting,1977,25(3):512～540
14 Raghuveer M and Nikias C L.Bispectrum estimation: A parametric approch. IEEE Trans Acoust,Speech,Signal Processing,1985,33:1213~1230
15 Meidell N S.处理后的地震子波是否比我们想象的简单.石油物探译丛,1992,(5)
16 Richard V and Brac J.Wavelet analysis using well log information.Presented at 58th SEG Mtg,1988
17 Ulrych T J.Wavelet estimation revisited.The Leading Edge,1995,14(11):1139~1142
18 Giannakis G B and Swami A.On estimating non-causal non-minimum phase ARMA models of non-gaus-sian processes.IEEE Trans Acoust,Signal Processing,1990,138:478~495
19 张贤达著.现代信号分析,清华大学出版社,1994
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