中国沿海和内陆强震前地表潜热通量异常特征
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摘要
地表潜热通量(SLHF)是反映地表蒸发能量大小的大气参数。国外学者分析近年若干沿海地区的强震时发现,沿海强震震中附近在震前出现了潜热通量异常,而远离海域的内陆地震并未出现潜热通量异常。本文以近10年发生在中国的1次沿海强震和3次内陆强震为例,进行了震前SLHF异常的时空特征分析,发现震前3～10d,震中附近均出现了SLHF异常。该异常主要分布在震中及其周围地区,且与区域内的主要活动构造带走向一致。因此,SLHF异常可以成为一种有价值的大地构造活动性遥感监测指标,并为中国沿海和内陆地区强震提供有用的临震前兆信息。
Surface Latent Heat Flux(SLHF) is an important atmospheric parameter,which is proportional to the evaporation from the Earth surface. Recent studies show that abnormal SLHF in an epicenter region usually occurs prior to several coastal earthquakes,without abnormal evidence in terrestrial regions far away from the coast. In this paper,the spatio-temporal features of SLHF anomaly of the epicenter regions of four earthquakes occurred in the past ten years in China,one near the coast and three far away from the coast,are studied. The analysis shows that abnormal SLHF occurred 3~10 days before the earthquakes without exception. The SLHF anomaly usually occurred in the epicenter or its surrounding area,and its spatial pattern was in accordance with the strike of local active faults. It is concluded that the SLHF anomaly can serve as a valuable index for the remote sensing monitoring of tectonic activity,and provide useful impending messages for both coastal and inland earthquakes in China.
Surface Latent Heat Flux(SLHF) is an important atmospheric parameter,which is proportional to the evaporation from the Earth surface. Recent studies show that abnormal SLHF in an epicenter region usually occurs prior to several coastal earthquakes,without abnormal evidence in terrestrial regions far away from the coast. In this paper,the spatio-temporal features of SLHF anomaly of the epicenter regions of four earthquakes occurred in the past ten years in China,one near the coast and three far away from the coast,are studied. The analysis shows that abnormal SLHF occurred 3~10 days before the earthquakes without exception. The SLHF anomaly usually occurred in the epicenter or its surrounding area,and its spatial pattern was in accordance with the strike of local active faults. It is concluded that the SLHF anomaly can serve as a valuable index for the remote sensing monitoring of tectonic activity,and provide useful impending messages for both coastal and inland earthquakes in China.
引文
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[3]Tramutoli V,Bello G D,Pergola N,et al.Robust satellite techniques for remote sensing of seismically active areas[J].Annali di Geofisica,2001,44(2):295-312.
[4]Tramutoli V,Cuomo V,Filizzola C,et al.Assessing the potential of thermal infrared satellite surveys for monitoring seismically active areas:The case of Kocaeli(Izmit)earthquake,August17,1999[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,96:409-426.
[5]Tronin A A.Satellite thermal survey—A new tool for the studies of seismoactive regions[J].J Remote Sensing,1996,17(8):1439-1455.
[6]Tronin A A,Hayakawa M,Molchanov O A.Thermal IR satellite data application for earthquake research in Japan and China[J].J Geodynamics,2002,33:519-534.
[7]屈春燕,单新建,马瑾.红河断裂热红外高温条带的成因及其与地震活动性关系的探讨[J].地震学报,2006,28(1):91-97.Qu Chunyan,Shan Xinjian,Ma Jin.Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(1):91-97.
[8]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(I):非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24-30.Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Wu Yunhua,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):24-30.
[9]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(II):断层双剪粘滑的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):192-198.Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Wu Yunhua,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):192-198.
[10]吴立新,刘善军,许向红,等.遥感-岩石力学(III):交汇断层粘滑的热红外辐射与声发射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(3):401-407.Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Xu Xianghong,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(3):401-407.
[11]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(IV)—岩石压剪破裂的热红外辐射规律及其地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):539-544.Wu Lixin,Liu Shanjun,Wu Yunhua,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):539-544.
[12]刘培洵,刘力强,陈顺云,等.地表岩石变形引起热红外辐射的实验研究[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):502-511.Liu Peixun,Liu Liqiang,Chen Shunyun,et al.Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):502-511.
[13]Dey S,Singh R P.Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2003(3):749-755.
[14]Cervone G,Kafatos M,Napoletani D,et al.Wavelet maxima curves of surface latent heat flux associated with two recent Greek earthquakes[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences,2004(4):359-374.
[15]Singh R P,Cervone G,Singh V P,et al.Generic precursors to coastal earthquakes:Inferences from Denali fault earthquake[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):231-240.
[16]徐锡伟,冉勇康,周本刚,等.张北-尚义地震的地震构造环境与宏观破坏特征[J].地震地质,1998,20(2):135-145.Xu Xiwei,Ran Yongkang,Zhou Bengang,et al.Seismology and Geology,1998,20(2):135-145.
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