工作荷载与地震作用下直接空冷结构体系模型试验研究
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摘要
直接空冷结构体系是火力发电厂随着空冷工艺出现而形成的一类特殊工业建筑,结构体系及其受力性能复杂。取1/4子结构,模拟边界条件,按1:8缩尺比例制作模型进行风机扰力和地震作用下的试验研究。测试了结构的动力特性,结构与风机的共振点,结构在不同风机转速和风机开启状况下的幅频曲线以及结构构件的动应变。选择ElCentro波对模型进行拟动力试验。得到了结构的动力反应,分析了结构自振频率与阻尼比变化、变形性能、滞回性能和破坏模式等,给出了骨架曲线及其特征点。采用SAP2000有限元程序进行数值计算,分析结果与试验结果基本吻合。研究表明扭转振动是直接空冷结构体系的主要振型,应该考虑振型耦合;风机多点谐振激励引起的结构振动响应较小,风机低频运转对结构的影响大于高频运转对结构的影响。直接空冷结构体系为单道防线体系,大震下结构系统进入非线性后,设备系统能够保持弹性工作状态,结构易形成柱铰破坏机制。
The direct air cooled condenser support platform is a special industrial building, and it appears with the application of air cooled technology in thermal power plants. The structural form and its mechanical performance are very complex. Employing 1/4 substructure, imitating the boundary condition, a 1/8 scale model was constructed and tested to study its mechanical behavior under excitation of fans and earthquake action. The structural dynamic properties, the resonance vibration frequency of structure and fans, the amplitude-frequency curve under different rotational speed and work state of fans, and the dynamic strain of typical structural members were measured. Then in the pseudo-dynamic test, the model was subjected to El Centro wave, and the dynamic response of the structure was measured. The variation of natural frequency of vibration and damping ratio, the deformation performance, the hysteretic behavior and the failure mode of the model were analyzed. The skeleton curve of the model and its characteristic points were presented in this paper. Finite element analysis was performed using commercial computer codes, and the calculation results show agreement with the experimental results. The study indicated that torsion was one of the main vibration shapes of the structure, so the couple of vibration shapes must be considered. The vibration response of the structure under the multiple harmonic resonance excitations of fans was very weak, and the structural response at low resonance vibration frequency was larger than high frequency. The direct air cooled condenser support platform was a single-prevention system, and the equipment system was in elastic working state when the structure system yielded under seldom-occurred earthquake action and the structure failed in the column hinge mechanism.
The direct air cooled condenser support platform is a special industrial building, and it appears with the application of air cooled technology in thermal power plants. The structural form and its mechanical performance are very complex. Employing 1/4 substructure, imitating the boundary condition, a 1/8 scale model was constructed and tested to study its mechanical behavior under excitation of fans and earthquake action. The structural dynamic properties, the resonance vibration frequency of structure and fans, the amplitude-frequency curve under different rotational speed and work state of fans, and the dynamic strain of typical structural members were measured. Then in the pseudo-dynamic test, the model was subjected to El Centro wave, and the dynamic response of the structure was measured. The variation of natural frequency of vibration and damping ratio, the deformation performance, the hysteretic behavior and the failure mode of the model were analyzed. The skeleton curve of the model and its characteristic points were presented in this paper. Finite element analysis was performed using commercial computer codes, and the calculation results show agreement with the experimental results. The study indicated that torsion was one of the main vibration shapes of the structure, so the couple of vibration shapes must be considered. The vibration response of the structure under the multiple harmonic resonance excitations of fans was very weak, and the structural response at low resonance vibration frequency was larger than high frequency. The direct air cooled condenser support platform was a single-prevention system, and the equipment system was in elastic working state when the structure system yielded under seldom-occurred earthquake action and the structure failed in the column hinge mechanism.
引文
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[13]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].(GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S].(in Chinese))
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[15]杨溥,李英民,赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(6):33-37.(YANG Pu,LI Yingmin,LAI Ming.A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(6):33-37.(in Chinese))
[16]爱德华L威尔逊.结构静力与动力分析——强调地震工程学的物理方法[M].北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.(Edward L Wilson.Static and dynamic analysis of structures[M].Translated by Beijing Civil King Software Technology Co.Ltd and China Institute of Building Standard Design&Besearch.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]张建华.大型直接空冷凝汽器支撑结构总体设计及力学计算[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1998.(ZHANG Jianhua.General design and mechanical calculation on large direct air cooled condenser support structure[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,1998.(in Chinese))
[3]白国良,朱丽华,赵春莲等.火力发电厂空冷平台研究现状及展望[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(增刊2):538-542.(BAI Guoliang,Zhu Lihua,Zhao Chunlian,et al.Present state and prospect of the air cooled condenser platform in thermal power plants[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2007,39(Suppl.2):538-542.(in Chinese))
[4]李忠献.工程结构试验理论与技术[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2003.(LI Zhongxian.Theory and technique of engineering structure experiments[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press.(in Chinese))
[5]邱法维,钱稼茹,陈志鹏.结构抗震试验方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(Qiu Fawei,Qian Jiaru,Chen Zhipeng.Experimental methods for earthquake resistance of structure[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[6]Chen Y Q,Soong T T.State of the art review:seismic response of secondary systems[J].Engineering Structure,1988,10(4):218-228.
[7]JGJ101—96建筑抗震试验方法规程[S].(JGJ101—96Specification of testing methods for earthquake resistant building[S].(in Chinese))
[8]梁兴文,王庆霖,梁羽风.底部框架抗震墙砖房1/2比例模型拟动力试验研究[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(2):14-21.(LIANG Xingwen,WANG Qingling,LIANG Yufeng.Experimental investigation on pseudo-dynamic test of1/2scale model brick masonry building with frame-shear wall structure at first two stories[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(2):14-21.(in Chinese))
[9]Jocelyn P,Michel B.Pseudo-dynamic testing of unreinforced masonry building with flexible diaphragm[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2003,129(6):708-716.
[10]El-Attar A G,White R N,Gergely P.Behavior of gravity load design reinforced concrete buildings subjected to earthquakes[J].ACI Structural Journal,1997,94(2):133-145.
[11]Buonopane S G,White R N.Pseudo dynamic testing of masonry infilled reinforced concrete frame[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,1999,125(6):578-589.
[12]宗周红,林东欣,房贞政,邱法维.两层钢管混凝土组合框架结构抗震性能试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2002,23(2):27-35.(ZONG Zhouhong,LIN Dongxin,FANG Zhenzheng,QIU Fawei.Experimental research of seismic behavior of a two-story concrete filled steel Tubular composite frame[J].Journal of Building Structures,2002,23(2):27-35.(in Chinese))
[13]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].(GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S].(in Chinese))
[14]钱稼茹,纪晓东,范重,刘先明.国家体育场大跨度钢结构罕遇地震性能分析[J].建筑结构学报,2007,28(2):17-25.(QIAN Jiaru,JI Xiaodong,FAN Zhong,LIU Xianming.Seismic behavior analysis of large-span steel structure of the national stadium under severe earthquake[J].Journal of Building Structures,2007,28(2):17-25.(in Chinese))
[15]杨溥,李英民,赖明.结构时程分析法输入地震波的选择控制指标[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(6):33-37.(YANG Pu,LI Yingmin,LAI Ming.A new method for selecting inputting waves for time-history analysis[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(6):33-37.(in Chinese))
[16]爱德华L威尔逊.结构静力与动力分析——强调地震工程学的物理方法[M].北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.(Edward L Wilson.Static and dynamic analysis of structures[M].Translated by Beijing Civil King Software Technology Co.Ltd and China Institute of Building Standard Design&Besearch.Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2006.(in Chinese))
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