岩土锚固研究与新进展
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摘要
岩土锚固在我国边坡、隧道、地下洞室、基坑、坝体及抗倾、抗浮等工程建设中已得到广泛应用,成效显著。围绕岩土锚固的应用领域与规模、标准化建设、锚固效应与力学作用,荷载传递机制与荷载分散型锚杆(索)、重复灌浆技术、中空注浆锚杆与扩体型锚杆、土钉与复合土钉加固和钻孔机具与监测、检测技术等方面,较全面地论述了我国岩土锚固的主要研究成果和最新进展,并对岩土锚杆的设计、类型及其适应性、腐蚀与防护、长期工作性能与安全评价以及研究方向等有关发展我国岩土锚固的几个关键问题提出了意见。
The ground anchorage technology has been widely used in slopes,foundation pits,mines,tunnels,underground caverns,dams,resistance to overturning and floatations,etc.in China with remarkable success.It is expounded more comprehensively that major achievements and the latest progresses in ground anchorage from the application field and scale,standardized construction,reinforcing mechanical effect,load transfer mechanism as well as load-dispersed anchors(cables),repeated grouting technique,hollow-grouted anchor and underreamed anchor,soil nail and composite soil nail,drilling machines and monitor techniques,etc.in China.Meanwhile,some opinions are proposed on several key problems,concerning the development of ground anchorage in China,such as the design,type and adaptability,corrosion and protection,long-term working behavior and safety evaluation,as well as the research direction,etc.of the ground anchors.
The ground anchorage technology has been widely used in slopes,foundation pits,mines,tunnels,underground caverns,dams,resistance to overturning and floatations,etc.in China with remarkable success.It is expounded more comprehensively that major achievements and the latest progresses in ground anchorage from the application field and scale,standardized construction,reinforcing mechanical effect,load transfer mechanism as well as load-dispersed anchors(cables),repeated grouting technique,hollow-grouted anchor and underreamed anchor,soil nail and composite soil nail,drilling machines and monitor techniques,etc.in China.Meanwhile,some opinions are proposed on several key problems,concerning the development of ground anchorage in China,such as the design,type and adaptability,corrosion and protection,long-term working behavior and safety evaluation,as well as the research direction,etc.of the ground anchors.
引文
[1]程良奎.岩土锚固的现状与发展[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(3):7–12.(Cheng Liangkui.Present status and development of ground anchorages[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2001,34(3):7–12.(in Chinese))
[2]程良奎.深基坑锚杆支护的新进展[A].见:岩土锚固新技术[C].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.66–76.(Cheng Liangkui.New development of anchor-supporting for deep excavations[A].In:New Technology of Ground Anchorage[C].Beijing:China Communi-cations Press,1998.66–76.(in Chinese))
[3]程良奎,韩军.单孔复合锚固法的理论和实践[J].工业建筑,2001,31(5):35–38.(Cheng Liangkui,Han Jun.Theory and practice of the single bore multiple anchor method[J].Industrial Construction,2001,31(5):35–38.(in Chinese))
[4]程良奎,张作眉,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,1994.(Cheng Liangkui,Zhang Zuomei,Yang Zhiyin.Practical Technology of Strengthening Ground[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[5]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.(Zhu Weishen,He Manchao.Surrounding Rock Stability and Rock Dynamic Construction under Complicated Conditions[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]赵长海.预应力锚固技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(Zhao Changhai.Prestressed Anchorage Technology[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.《岩土锚杆(索)技术规程》(CECS 22:2005)[S].北京:计划出版社,2005.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Specification for Design and Construction of Ground Anchors(CECS22:2005)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[8]李象范,尹骥,许峻峰,等.基坑工程复合土钉支护(墙)受力机理与发展[A].见:苏自约编.岩土锚固技术与工程应用[C].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.39–45.(Li Xiangfan,Yin Ji,Xu Junfeng,et al.Forced mechanism and development of compound soil-nailed wall for excavations[A].In:Su Ziyue ed.Ground Anchorage Technology and Engineering Uses[C].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.39–45.(in Chinese))
[9]Liao H J,Wu K W,Shu S C.Uplift behaviour of a cone-shape anchor in sand[A].In:Littlejohn G S ed.Proc.of Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.401–410.
[10]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.(Cheng Liangkui,Fan Jinglun,Han Jun,et al.Anchoring in Soil and Rock[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[11]Barley A D.Theory and practice of the single bore multiple anchor system[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Anchors in Theory and Practice[C].Salzburg:[s.n.],1955.322–328.
[12]Woods R I,Barkhordari K.The influence of bond stress distribution on ground design[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.300–306.
[13]Fischli F.Electrically isolated anchorages[A].In:Proc Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.335–342.
[14]Cavil B A.Very high capacity ground anchors used in strengthening concrete gravity dams[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.262–271.
[15]Feddersen I.Improvement of the overall stability of a gravity dam with 4 500 kN anchors[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.318–325.
[16]Weerasinghe R B,Anson R W W.Investigation of the long term performance and future behaviour of existing ground anchorages[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.353–362.
[2]程良奎.深基坑锚杆支护的新进展[A].见:岩土锚固新技术[C].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.66–76.(Cheng Liangkui.New development of anchor-supporting for deep excavations[A].In:New Technology of Ground Anchorage[C].Beijing:China Communi-cations Press,1998.66–76.(in Chinese))
[3]程良奎,韩军.单孔复合锚固法的理论和实践[J].工业建筑,2001,31(5):35–38.(Cheng Liangkui,Han Jun.Theory and practice of the single bore multiple anchor method[J].Industrial Construction,2001,31(5):35–38.(in Chinese))
[4]程良奎,张作眉,杨志银.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,1994.(Cheng Liangkui,Zhang Zuomei,Yang Zhiyin.Practical Technology of Strengthening Ground[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[5]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.(Zhu Weishen,He Manchao.Surrounding Rock Stability and Rock Dynamic Construction under Complicated Conditions[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]赵长海.预应力锚固技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2001.(Zhao Changhai.Prestressed Anchorage Technology[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.《岩土锚杆(索)技术规程》(CECS 22:2005)[S].北京:计划出版社,2005.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.Specification for Design and Construction of Ground Anchors(CECS22:2005)[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[8]李象范,尹骥,许峻峰,等.基坑工程复合土钉支护(墙)受力机理与发展[A].见:苏自约编.岩土锚固技术与工程应用[C].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.39–45.(Li Xiangfan,Yin Ji,Xu Junfeng,et al.Forced mechanism and development of compound soil-nailed wall for excavations[A].In:Su Ziyue ed.Ground Anchorage Technology and Engineering Uses[C].Beijing:China Communications Press,2004.39–45.(in Chinese))
[9]Liao H J,Wu K W,Shu S C.Uplift behaviour of a cone-shape anchor in sand[A].In:Littlejohn G S ed.Proc.of Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.401–410.
[10]程良奎,范景伦,韩军,等.岩土锚固[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003.(Cheng Liangkui,Fan Jinglun,Han Jun,et al.Anchoring in Soil and Rock[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[11]Barley A D.Theory and practice of the single bore multiple anchor system[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Anchors in Theory and Practice[C].Salzburg:[s.n.],1955.322–328.
[12]Woods R I,Barkhordari K.The influence of bond stress distribution on ground design[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.300–306.
[13]Fischli F.Electrically isolated anchorages[A].In:Proc Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.335–342.
[14]Cavil B A.Very high capacity ground anchors used in strengthening concrete gravity dams[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.262–271.
[15]Feddersen I.Improvement of the overall stability of a gravity dam with 4 500 kN anchors[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.318–325.
[16]Weerasinghe R B,Anson R W W.Investigation of the long term performance and future behaviour of existing ground anchorages[A].In:Proc.Int.Symp.on Ground Anchorages and Anchored Structures[C].London:Themas Telford,1997.353–362.
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