欠人工质量缩尺振动台试验结构模型设计方法
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摘要
振动台试验是研究结构抗震性能的重要方法。以单跨六层钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,对满足一致相似律的不同配重模型分别按构件等面积配筋率和按构件承载力相似原则进行配筋设计的缩尺模型与原型,采用有限元软件SAP2000和MSC.MARC分别进行了Pushover分析和弹塑性时程分析。分析结果表明:模型钢筋与原型钢筋性能相同(不完全满足相似关系)而模型混凝土性能满足相似关系要求时,按构件等面积配筋率配筋的缩尺模型不能正确反映原型的地震响应,高估原型的抗震能力;按构件承载力相似原则进行配筋设计能够较好地解决这一问题;当构件配筋率较高时,配重不足因素的影响小。针对按构件承载力相似原则配筋设计的方法,提出按模型钢筋弹性模量比修正杆件面积配筋率的改进建议。
Shaking table test is an important method to study dynamic performance of a structure under earthquake.With a bay 6-story prototype RC frame structure as an example,this paper presents design results of two series scaled models designed following the general similitude laws.One series scaled models were designed with element reinforcement ratio being constant while the other series models were designed following the similarity relation of element load carrying capacity.Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis of these models under different artificial mass degrees were carried out by using software SAP2000 and MSC.MARC respectively.The analytical results indicate that if mechanical parameters of the model concrete satisfies the similitude requirement but mechanical properties of the model reinforcement are close to those of the prototype reinforcement,the seismic resisting capacity of the frame predicted based on the scaled model designed following element reinforcement ratio being constant can be significantly overestimated.While those following the similarity relation of element load carrying capacity work well.If the element's reinforcement ratio is high,influence of the lacking artificial mass degree on model response is not obvious.A new method on adjusting element reinforcement ratio based on Young 's modulus ratio of model reinforcement bar is proposed.
Shaking table test is an important method to study dynamic performance of a structure under earthquake.With a bay 6-story prototype RC frame structure as an example,this paper presents design results of two series scaled models designed following the general similitude laws.One series scaled models were designed with element reinforcement ratio being constant while the other series models were designed following the similarity relation of element load carrying capacity.Pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis of these models under different artificial mass degrees were carried out by using software SAP2000 and MSC.MARC respectively.The analytical results indicate that if mechanical parameters of the model concrete satisfies the similitude requirement but mechanical properties of the model reinforcement are close to those of the prototype reinforcement,the seismic resisting capacity of the frame predicted based on the scaled model designed following element reinforcement ratio being constant can be significantly overestimated.While those following the similarity relation of element load carrying capacity work well.If the element's reinforcement ratio is high,influence of the lacking artificial mass degree on model response is not obvious.A new method on adjusting element reinforcement ratio based on Young 's modulus ratio of model reinforcement bar is proposed.
引文
[1]张敏政.地震模拟试验中相似律应用的若干问题[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(2):52-58.(Zhang Minzheng.Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(2):52-58.(in Chinese))
[2]李检保,吕西林,卢文胜,等.北京LG大厦单塔结构整体模型模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(2):10-14,39.(LI Jianbao,LU Xilin,LU Wensheng,et al.Shaking table model test of Beijing LG Building[J].Journal of Building Structures,2006,27(2):10-14,39.(in Chinese))
[3]邹昀,吕西林,卢文胜,钱江.上海环球金融中心大厦整体结构振动台试验设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):54-59.(ZOU Yun,LU Xilin,LU Wensheng,QIAN Jiang.Shaking table model test design for Shanghai World Financial Center[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):54-59.(in Chinese))
[4]吕西林,卢文胜.RC框架结构的振动台试验和面向设计的时程分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(2):48-58.(LU Xilin,LU Wensheng.Shaking table tests of RC frames and development of design-oriented time history analysis method[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(2):48-58.(in Chinese))
[5]Lu Xilin,Fu Gongkang,Shi Weixing,Lu Wensheng.Shake table model testing and its application[J].Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2008,17(1):181-201.
[6]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法[J].结构工程师,2003,38(3):30-33.(ZHOU Ying,LU Wensheng,LU Xilin.Practical model design method of shaking table tests[J].Structural Engineers,2003,38(3):30-33.(in Chinese))
[7]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].(GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S].(in Chinese))
[8]Computers and Structures,Inc(CSI).SAP2000basic analysis reference manual(V9.1.6)[EB/OL].[2007-12-28].http://www.bjcks.com.
[9]Evan C Bentz.Response-2000reinforced concrete sectional analysis(V1.0.5)[EB/OL].[2005-12-30].http://www.cit.utoronto.ca.
[10]GB50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].(GB50010—2002Code for design of concrete buildings[S].(in Chinese))
[11]MSC.Software Corporation.MSC.Marc volume A:Theory and user information,version2005,U.S.A.MSC.software corporation[EB/OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.mscsoftware.com.
[12]叶列平,陆新征,马千里.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊2):131-140.(YE Lieping,LU Xinzheng,MA Qianli.Collapse simulation of high-rise structure of concrete under the action of static and dynamic load[J].Engineering Mechanics,200623(Suppl.2):131-140.(in Chinese))
[13]陆新征,缪志伟,江见鲸,叶列平.静力和动力荷载作用下混凝土高层结构的倒塌模拟[J].山西地震,2006(2):7-11.(LU Xinzheng,MIAO Zhiwei,JIANG Jianjing,YE Lieping.Collapse simulation of high-rise structure of concrete under the action of static and dynamic load[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2006(2):7-11.(in Chinese))
[14]Légeron F,Paultre P.Uniaxial confinement model for normal and high-strength concrete columns[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,129(2):241-252.
[15]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(JIANG Jianjing,LU Xinzheng,YE Lieping.Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[16]刘祥庆,刘晶波.基于纤维模型的拱形断面地铁车站结构弹塑性地震反应时程分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(10):150-157.(LIU Xiangqing,LIU Jingbo.Time history analysis of elasto-plastic seismic response of a subway with arched cross section based on fiber model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(10):150-157.(in Chinese))
[17]Esmaeily A,Xiao Y.Behavior of reinforced concrete columns under variable axial loads:Analysis[J].ACI Structural Journal,2005,102(5):736-744.
[18]Légeron F,Paultre P,Mazar J.Damage mechanics modeling of nonlinear seismic behavior of concrete structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(6):946-954.
[2]李检保,吕西林,卢文胜,等.北京LG大厦单塔结构整体模型模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2006,27(2):10-14,39.(LI Jianbao,LU Xilin,LU Wensheng,et al.Shaking table model test of Beijing LG Building[J].Journal of Building Structures,2006,27(2):10-14,39.(in Chinese))
[3]邹昀,吕西林,卢文胜,钱江.上海环球金融中心大厦整体结构振动台试验设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2005,25(4):54-59.(ZOU Yun,LU Xilin,LU Wensheng,QIAN Jiang.Shaking table model test design for Shanghai World Financial Center[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2005,25(4):54-59.(in Chinese))
[4]吕西林,卢文胜.RC框架结构的振动台试验和面向设计的时程分析方法[J].地震工程与工程振动,1998,18(2):48-58.(LU Xilin,LU Wensheng.Shaking table tests of RC frames and development of design-oriented time history analysis method[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1998,18(2):48-58.(in Chinese))
[5]Lu Xilin,Fu Gongkang,Shi Weixing,Lu Wensheng.Shake table model testing and its application[J].Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings,2008,17(1):181-201.
[6]周颖,卢文胜,吕西林.模拟地震振动台模型实用设计方法[J].结构工程师,2003,38(3):30-33.(ZHOU Ying,LU Wensheng,LU Xilin.Practical model design method of shaking table tests[J].Structural Engineers,2003,38(3):30-33.(in Chinese))
[7]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].(GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S].(in Chinese))
[8]Computers and Structures,Inc(CSI).SAP2000basic analysis reference manual(V9.1.6)[EB/OL].[2007-12-28].http://www.bjcks.com.
[9]Evan C Bentz.Response-2000reinforced concrete sectional analysis(V1.0.5)[EB/OL].[2005-12-30].http://www.cit.utoronto.ca.
[10]GB50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].(GB50010—2002Code for design of concrete buildings[S].(in Chinese))
[11]MSC.Software Corporation.MSC.Marc volume A:Theory and user information,version2005,U.S.A.MSC.software corporation[EB/OL].[2007-12-15].http://www.mscsoftware.com.
[12]叶列平,陆新征,马千里.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增刊2):131-140.(YE Lieping,LU Xinzheng,MA Qianli.Collapse simulation of high-rise structure of concrete under the action of static and dynamic load[J].Engineering Mechanics,200623(Suppl.2):131-140.(in Chinese))
[13]陆新征,缪志伟,江见鲸,叶列平.静力和动力荷载作用下混凝土高层结构的倒塌模拟[J].山西地震,2006(2):7-11.(LU Xinzheng,MIAO Zhiwei,JIANG Jianjing,YE Lieping.Collapse simulation of high-rise structure of concrete under the action of static and dynamic load[J].Earthquake Research in Shanxi,2006(2):7-11.(in Chinese))
[14]Légeron F,Paultre P.Uniaxial confinement model for normal and high-strength concrete columns[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,129(2):241-252.
[15]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.(JIANG Jianjing,LU Xinzheng,YE Lieping.Finite element analysis of reinforced concrete structures[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[16]刘祥庆,刘晶波.基于纤维模型的拱形断面地铁车站结构弹塑性地震反应时程分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(10):150-157.(LIU Xiangqing,LIU Jingbo.Time history analysis of elasto-plastic seismic response of a subway with arched cross section based on fiber model[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(10):150-157.(in Chinese))
[17]Esmaeily A,Xiao Y.Behavior of reinforced concrete columns under variable axial loads:Analysis[J].ACI Structural Journal,2005,102(5):736-744.
[18]Légeron F,Paultre P,Mazar J.Damage mechanics modeling of nonlinear seismic behavior of concrete structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2005,131(6):946-954.
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