地震诱发岩体崩塌的力学机制
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摘要
危险岩体失稳崩塌是震时地震诱发的最严重的地质灾害类型之一,严重地制约着灾区灾后重建工作。然而目前有关地震诱发岩体崩塌的力学机制还不清晰,不能很好地给出相关危岩的诊断和防治措施。为此,基于震区危岩体实际结构特征,借助岩石断裂力学知识,从能量角度研究震时震波能量在危岩体上的输入与耗散机制,分析岩体裂缝失稳扩展的条件和过程,并给出扩展量的计算方法,明晰地震诱发岩体崩塌的力学机制。最后通过算例计算和展示,验证模型的合理性,阐明震时崩塌本质上是震波作用下危岩体裂缝扩展贯通的结果。
As one of the most serious secondary hazards induced by earthquake,the rock collapse aggravates the seismic damage and restricts the reconstruction greatly.However,there are less effective measures that can be used to diagnosis and treat it danger rocks just for its mechanism is not clear at present.Thus from the true structure of rock,based on the rock fracture mechanics,and taking energy method as a main way,the mechanism of input and dissipation of seismic energy on danger rocks is studied.Then by analyzing the condition and process of crack propagation,the instability mechanism of dangerous rock caused by seismic wave is studied clearly.Furthermore,the calculation formula for critical acceleration and propagation length are also suggested.At last,an example is given to prove the theory.The result shows the cracks on danger rock can propagate and develop under enough big seismic action,which result in the failure of danger rock and the collapse occasion at last.
As one of the most serious secondary hazards induced by earthquake,the rock collapse aggravates the seismic damage and restricts the reconstruction greatly.However,there are less effective measures that can be used to diagnosis and treat it danger rocks just for its mechanism is not clear at present.Thus from the true structure of rock,based on the rock fracture mechanics,and taking energy method as a main way,the mechanism of input and dissipation of seismic energy on danger rocks is studied.Then by analyzing the condition and process of crack propagation,the instability mechanism of dangerous rock caused by seismic wave is studied clearly.Furthermore,the calculation formula for critical acceleration and propagation length are also suggested.At last,an example is given to prove the theory.The result shows the cracks on danger rock can propagate and develop under enough big seismic action,which result in the failure of danger rock and the collapse occasion at last.
引文
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[3]MARZORATI S,LUZI L,AMICIS M D.Rock falls induced by earthquakes:a statistical approach[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):565-577.
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[6]丁彦惠,王余庆,孙进忠,等.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475-480.(DING Yanhui,WANG Yuqing,SUN Jinzhong,et al.Research on the method for prediction of earthquake-induced landslides and its application to engineering projects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):475-480.(in Chinese))
[7]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.(Chinese Aeronautical Establishment(CAE).Handbook of stress intensity factors[M].Beijng:Science Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[8]中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.都江堰拉法基水泥有限公司矿山上山公路地震损毁边坡及路基修复整治工程工程地质勘察报告[R].成都:中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,2008.(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS.Geological prospecting report in the damage road treating project of lafarge Dujiangyan cement Co.,Ltd.[R].Chengdu:Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,2008.(in Chinese))
[9]MORISHITA K,OCHIAI S,OKUDA H,et al.Fracture toughness of a crystalline silicon carbide fiber[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2006,89(8):2571-2576.
[10]LI L Y,XU F G,XIE H P,et al.Fracture study on mode I-III crack of rock[C]//.International Conference on Fracture and Damage Mechanics.Switzerland:Transportation Technology Publications,2006:1217-1220.
[11]RADAJ D,ZHANG S.On the relations between notch stress and crack stress intensity in plane shear and mixed mode loading[J].Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1993,44(5):691-704.
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