关于地震动转动分量的研究
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摘要
列举了多次地震中的地震动转动现象,概括了国内外对地震动转动分量的产生、传播、合成方法及其对结构的作用等方面的研究成果。还介绍了由地震动平动分量计算转动分量的弹性波动方法,并讨论了其局限性;还介绍了欧洲规范对转动分量的部分规定,指出有必要在结构抗震设计中考虑转动分量的作用。此外,在转动分量的产生、对结构的作用及数值模拟方面还做了一些假设与解释。
An intuitionistic description of the seismic rotational phenomena is listed firstly,and then the research results both at home and abroad in several fields are summarized,such as the generation,propagation of the seismic rotational components and its effects on structure.The elastic wave method used to calculate the rotational components through translational components is introduced and its limitation is discussed.Some parts of rules of Eurocodes about rotational components are referred and the necessity of adding the seismic rotational effects in the design of structures for earthquake resistance is pointed out.Further,some hypotheses and explanations in rotational component's generation,effects on structure,and structure's numerical simulation are proposed.
An intuitionistic description of the seismic rotational phenomena is listed firstly,and then the research results both at home and abroad in several fields are summarized,such as the generation,propagation of the seismic rotational components and its effects on structure.The elastic wave method used to calculate the rotational components through translational components is introduced and its limitation is discussed.Some parts of rules of Eurocodes about rotational components are referred and the necessity of adding the seismic rotational effects in the design of structures for earthquake resistance is pointed out.Further,some hypotheses and explanations in rotational component's generation,effects on structure,and structure's numerical simulation are proposed.
引文
陈国兴,孙士军,宰金珉.1999.多维相关地震动作用下结构反应的反应谱法[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,51(4):17-22.
洪钟.2010.地震动转动分量研究[D].上海:同济大学.
李宏男,孙立晔.2001.地震面波产生的地震动转动分量研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,21(1):15-23.
李杰,李国强.1992.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社.
金星,廖振鹏.1991.地面转动分量的工程预测[J].地震工程与工程振动,11(4):11-18.
孙士军,陈国兴.1998.地面运动转动分量的合成方法[J].地震学刊,(1):19-24.
孙士军,陈国兴.1991.地面转动分量的标准反应谱[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,(4):10～14.
王君杰,胡聿贤.1991.地震动旋转分量的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,11(2):1-10.
王君杰.1995.地震动扭转分量对薄壁柱壳结构的影响[J].地震学报:17(2):217-222.
Ariman T,Muleski G E.1981.A review of the response of buried pipe-lines under seismic xcitation[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,9:133-151.
Bouchon M,Aki K.1982.Strain and rotation associated with strongground motion in the vicinity of earthquake faults[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,72(5):1717-1738.
Bycroft G N.1980.Soil-foundation interaction and differential groundmotions[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,8:397-404.
Che W,Luo Q F.2010.Time-frequecy response spectrum of rotationalground motion and its application[J].Earthquake Science,23(1):71～77.
Castellani A,Boffi G.1986.Rotational components of seismic motion[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,14:751-767.
Castellani A,Boffi G.1989.On the rotational components of seismic mo-tion[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,18:785-797.
EC8.1.EN1998-1Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake re-sistance;Part1:General rules,seismic actions and rules for buildings[S].February2005,European Committee for Standardization,Man-agement Centre:rue de Stassart,36B-1050Brussels.
EC8.6.EN1998-6Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake re-sistance;Part6:Towers,masts,and chimneys[S].September2005,European Committee for Standardization,Management Centre:rue deStassart,36B-1050Brussels.
Ferrari G.2006.Note on the historical rotation seismographs[J].Earth-quake Source Asymmetry,Structural Media and Rotation Effects,R.Teisseyre,M.Takeo and E.Majewski(Editors),Springer,Heidel-berg,367-376.
Galitzin B.1902.Uber seimometrische beobahtungen[J].Izv PostyannTsent Seism Komm,1(1):101-183.
Giev V,Trifunac MD.2009.Transient and permanent rotations in a shearlayer excited by strong earthquake pulses[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B):1391-1403.
Gutenberg B.1927.Grundlagen der Erdbebenkunde.University of Frank-furt a M.
Hart G C,DiJulio M,Lew M.1975.Torsional response of high-risebuildings[J].ASCE,101:397-414.
Jalali R,Trifunac MD.2008.A note on strength reduction factors for de-sign of structures near earthquake faults[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,28(3):212-222.
Knopoff L,Y TChen.2009.Single-couple component of far-field radi-ation from dynamical fractures[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am.99(2B):1091-1102.
Kozák J T.2006.Development of earthquake rotational effect study[M].Teisseyre R.Takeo M.Majewski E.Earthquake Source Asymmetry,Structural Media and Rotation Effects.Springer,Heidelberg,3-10.
Kozák J T.2009.Tutorial on earthquake rotational effects:historical exam-ples[J].BSSA,99(2):998-1010.
Lee V W,TrifunacM D.1985.Trifunac.Torsional accelerograms[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,14(3):132-139.
Lee V W,Trifunac M D.1987.Rocking strong earthquake accelerations[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,6(2):75-89.
Lee W HK,Celebi M,Todorovska MI,et al.2007.Rotational Seismologyand Engineering Applications:Proceedings for the First International[C].Workshop.Menlo Park,California,U.S.A.
Lee W H K,Celebi M,Todorovska M I,et al.2009.Introduction to thespecial issue on rotational seismology and engineering applications[J].BSSA,(2B):945-957.
Lee V W,Trifunac M D.2009.Empirical scaling of rotational spectra ofstrong earthquake ground motion[J].BSSA,99(2B):1378-1390.
Li Hongnan,Sunarez L E,Singh M P.1997.Rotational Components ofEarthquake Ground Motions[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn.17(2):37-51.
Luco J E.1976.Torsional response of structures to obliquely incident seis-mic SHwaves[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn.4:207-219.
Lee W H K,CelebiM,Toberovska MI.2007.Rotational Seismology andEngineering Applications[C]//Proceedings for the First Internation-al Workshop.California,U.S.A,September18-19.
Newmark N M.1969.Torsion in symmetrical buildings.3:19-32.
Reid H F.1910.The California Earthquake of April18,1906:The me-chanics of the earthquake,report of the State Earthquake investiga-tion Commission[R],Carnegie Institution of Washington,2:43-47.
Rutenberg A,Heidebrecht A C.1985a.Response Spectra for Tor-sion.Rocking and Rigid[J].13,543-557.
Rutenberg A,Heidebrecht A C.1985b.Rotational Ground Motion andSeismic Codes[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,12:583-592.
Takeo M.2006.Ground rotational motions recorded in near-source re-gion of earthquakes,in Earthquake Source Asymmetry[M]//Struc-tural Media and Rotation Effects,Springer,New York,Chapter12:157-167.
Takeo M,Ito HI.1997.What can be learned from rotational motions ex-cited by earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,129:319-329.
Trifunac MD.1972.Interaction of a shear wall with the soil for incidentplane SHwaves[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am.62(1):63-83.
Trifunac M D.1982.A note on rotational components of earthquake mo-tions on ground surface for incident body waves[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering:1(1):11-19.
Trifunac M D,Todorovska M I,Ivanovic S S.1996.Peak velocities,andpeak surface strains during Northridge,California,earthquake of17January1994[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,15(5):301-310.
Trifunac MD,Todorovska MI.1997.Northridge,California,earthquake of17January1994:density of pipe breaks and surface strains[J].SoilDyn Earthq Eng16(3):193-207.
Trifunac MD,Todorovska MI.1998.Nonlinear soil response as a naturalpassive isolation mechanism-the1994Northridge,California,earth-quake[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,17(1):41-51.
Trifunac MD.2006.Effects of torsional and rocking excitations on the re-sponse of structures[J].Earthquake Source Asymmetry.StructuralMedia and Rotation Effects,R.Teisseyre,M.Takeo and E-.Majewski,Springer,Heidelberg:569-582.
Trifunac MD,Giev V.2006.Response spectra for differential motion ofcolumns,paper II:Out-of-plane response[J].Soil Dyn EarthqEng,26(12):1149-1160.
Trifunac MD.2009a.75th Anniversary of strong motion observation-Ahistorical review Soil Dyn[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engi-neering.29(4):591-606.
Trifunac MD.2009b.Review:rotations in structural response[J].BullSeismol Soc Am.99(2B):968-979.
Trifunac MD.2009b.The role of strong motion rotations in the responseof structures near earthquake faults[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng.29(2):382-393.
Trifunac MD.2008.Buildings as sources of rotational waves[R]//R.Teisseyre,H.Nagahama and E.Majewski,Physics of AsymmetricContinuum:Extreme and Fracture Processes[R].Springer,Heidelberg,Germany.
Tso W K,Hsu TJ.1977.Torsional Spectrum for Earthquake Motions[J].Earthquake6:375-382.
Vivenzio G.1783.Istoria e teoria dtremuoti in generaleed in particularedi quelli della Calabria e di Messina del[J].MDCCLXXXIII,Napo-li,Italy.
Werner S D,Lee L C,Wong H I.1979.Structural response to travelingseismic waves[J].J Struct Div.ASCE105,no.ST12,2547-2564.
Yang F,Luo QF,Che W.2010.Torsional phenomena in2008great Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Science:23(1):79～85.
Zem baty Z.2009a.Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode8,part6,for slender tower-shaped structures[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B),1483-1485.
Zembaty Z.2009b.Tutorial on surface rotations from wave passageeffects:stochastic spectral approach[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B),1040-1049.
Zembaty Z,Boffi G.1994.Effect of rotational seismic ground motion ondynamic response of slender towers[J].Eur Earthq Eng,8:3-11.
①Hoffmann F.1838.Nachgelassene Werke.(2)230pp.
洪钟.2010.地震动转动分量研究[D].上海:同济大学.
李宏男,孙立晔.2001.地震面波产生的地震动转动分量研究[J].地震工程与工程震动,21(1):15-23.
李杰,李国强.1992.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社.
金星,廖振鹏.1991.地面转动分量的工程预测[J].地震工程与工程振动,11(4):11-18.
孙士军,陈国兴.1998.地面运动转动分量的合成方法[J].地震学刊,(1):19-24.
孙士军,陈国兴.1991.地面转动分量的标准反应谱[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,(4):10～14.
王君杰,胡聿贤.1991.地震动旋转分量的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,11(2):1-10.
王君杰.1995.地震动扭转分量对薄壁柱壳结构的影响[J].地震学报:17(2):217-222.
Ariman T,Muleski G E.1981.A review of the response of buried pipe-lines under seismic xcitation[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,9:133-151.
Bouchon M,Aki K.1982.Strain and rotation associated with strongground motion in the vicinity of earthquake faults[J].Bull SeismolSoc Am,72(5):1717-1738.
Bycroft G N.1980.Soil-foundation interaction and differential groundmotions[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,8:397-404.
Che W,Luo Q F.2010.Time-frequecy response spectrum of rotationalground motion and its application[J].Earthquake Science,23(1):71～77.
Castellani A,Boffi G.1986.Rotational components of seismic motion[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,14:751-767.
Castellani A,Boffi G.1989.On the rotational components of seismic mo-tion[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,18:785-797.
EC8.1.EN1998-1Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake re-sistance;Part1:General rules,seismic actions and rules for buildings[S].February2005,European Committee for Standardization,Man-agement Centre:rue de Stassart,36B-1050Brussels.
EC8.6.EN1998-6Eurocode8:Design of structures for earthquake re-sistance;Part6:Towers,masts,and chimneys[S].September2005,European Committee for Standardization,Management Centre:rue deStassart,36B-1050Brussels.
Ferrari G.2006.Note on the historical rotation seismographs[J].Earth-quake Source Asymmetry,Structural Media and Rotation Effects,R.Teisseyre,M.Takeo and E.Majewski(Editors),Springer,Heidel-berg,367-376.
Galitzin B.1902.Uber seimometrische beobahtungen[J].Izv PostyannTsent Seism Komm,1(1):101-183.
Giev V,Trifunac MD.2009.Transient and permanent rotations in a shearlayer excited by strong earthquake pulses[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B):1391-1403.
Gutenberg B.1927.Grundlagen der Erdbebenkunde.University of Frank-furt a M.
Hart G C,DiJulio M,Lew M.1975.Torsional response of high-risebuildings[J].ASCE,101:397-414.
Jalali R,Trifunac MD.2008.A note on strength reduction factors for de-sign of structures near earthquake faults[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,28(3):212-222.
Knopoff L,Y TChen.2009.Single-couple component of far-field radi-ation from dynamical fractures[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am.99(2B):1091-1102.
Kozák J T.2006.Development of earthquake rotational effect study[M].Teisseyre R.Takeo M.Majewski E.Earthquake Source Asymmetry,Structural Media and Rotation Effects.Springer,Heidelberg,3-10.
Kozák J T.2009.Tutorial on earthquake rotational effects:historical exam-ples[J].BSSA,99(2):998-1010.
Lee V W,TrifunacM D.1985.Trifunac.Torsional accelerograms[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,14(3):132-139.
Lee V W,Trifunac M D.1987.Rocking strong earthquake accelerations[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,6(2):75-89.
Lee W HK,Celebi M,Todorovska MI,et al.2007.Rotational Seismologyand Engineering Applications:Proceedings for the First International[C].Workshop.Menlo Park,California,U.S.A.
Lee W H K,Celebi M,Todorovska M I,et al.2009.Introduction to thespecial issue on rotational seismology and engineering applications[J].BSSA,(2B):945-957.
Lee V W,Trifunac M D.2009.Empirical scaling of rotational spectra ofstrong earthquake ground motion[J].BSSA,99(2B):1378-1390.
Li Hongnan,Sunarez L E,Singh M P.1997.Rotational Components ofEarthquake Ground Motions[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn.17(2):37-51.
Luco J E.1976.Torsional response of structures to obliquely incident seis-mic SHwaves[J].Earthq Eng Struct Dyn.4:207-219.
Lee W H K,CelebiM,Toberovska MI.2007.Rotational Seismology andEngineering Applications[C]//Proceedings for the First Internation-al Workshop.California,U.S.A,September18-19.
Newmark N M.1969.Torsion in symmetrical buildings.3:19-32.
Reid H F.1910.The California Earthquake of April18,1906:The me-chanics of the earthquake,report of the State Earthquake investiga-tion Commission[R],Carnegie Institution of Washington,2:43-47.
Rutenberg A,Heidebrecht A C.1985a.Response Spectra for Tor-sion.Rocking and Rigid[J].13,543-557.
Rutenberg A,Heidebrecht A C.1985b.Rotational Ground Motion andSeismic Codes[J].Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering,12:583-592.
Takeo M.2006.Ground rotational motions recorded in near-source re-gion of earthquakes,in Earthquake Source Asymmetry[M]//Struc-tural Media and Rotation Effects,Springer,New York,Chapter12:157-167.
Takeo M,Ito HI.1997.What can be learned from rotational motions ex-cited by earthquakes[J].Geophys J Int,129:319-329.
Trifunac MD.1972.Interaction of a shear wall with the soil for incidentplane SHwaves[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am.62(1):63-83.
Trifunac M D.1982.A note on rotational components of earthquake mo-tions on ground surface for incident body waves[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering:1(1):11-19.
Trifunac M D,Todorovska M I,Ivanovic S S.1996.Peak velocities,andpeak surface strains during Northridge,California,earthquake of17January1994[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,15(5):301-310.
Trifunac MD,Todorovska MI.1997.Northridge,California,earthquake of17January1994:density of pipe breaks and surface strains[J].SoilDyn Earthq Eng16(3):193-207.
Trifunac MD,Todorovska MI.1998.Nonlinear soil response as a naturalpassive isolation mechanism-the1994Northridge,California,earth-quake[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,17(1):41-51.
Trifunac MD.2006.Effects of torsional and rocking excitations on the re-sponse of structures[J].Earthquake Source Asymmetry.StructuralMedia and Rotation Effects,R.Teisseyre,M.Takeo and E-.Majewski,Springer,Heidelberg:569-582.
Trifunac MD,Giev V.2006.Response spectra for differential motion ofcolumns,paper II:Out-of-plane response[J].Soil Dyn EarthqEng,26(12):1149-1160.
Trifunac MD.2009a.75th Anniversary of strong motion observation-Ahistorical review Soil Dyn[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engi-neering.29(4):591-606.
Trifunac MD.2009b.Review:rotations in structural response[J].BullSeismol Soc Am.99(2B):968-979.
Trifunac MD.2009b.The role of strong motion rotations in the responseof structures near earthquake faults[J].Soil Dyn Earthq Eng.29(2):382-393.
Trifunac MD.2008.Buildings as sources of rotational waves[R]//R.Teisseyre,H.Nagahama and E.Majewski,Physics of AsymmetricContinuum:Extreme and Fracture Processes[R].Springer,Heidelberg,Germany.
Tso W K,Hsu TJ.1977.Torsional Spectrum for Earthquake Motions[J].Earthquake6:375-382.
Vivenzio G.1783.Istoria e teoria dtremuoti in generaleed in particularedi quelli della Calabria e di Messina del[J].MDCCLXXXIII,Napo-li,Italy.
Werner S D,Lee L C,Wong H I.1979.Structural response to travelingseismic waves[J].J Struct Div.ASCE105,no.ST12,2547-2564.
Yang F,Luo QF,Che W.2010.Torsional phenomena in2008great Wen-chuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Science:23(1):79～85.
Zem baty Z.2009a.Rotational seismic load definition in Eurocode8,part6,for slender tower-shaped structures[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B),1483-1485.
Zembaty Z.2009b.Tutorial on surface rotations from wave passageeffects:stochastic spectral approach[J].Bull Seismol Soc Am,99(2B),1040-1049.
Zembaty Z,Boffi G.1994.Effect of rotational seismic ground motion ondynamic response of slender towers[J].Eur Earthq Eng,8:3-11.
①Hoffmann F.1838.Nachgelassene Werke.(2)230pp.
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