某抽水蓄能电站输水系统下平段区围岩渗透薄弱部位探测
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摘要
对于地下工程围岩渗透薄弱部位的探测是一项具有隐蔽性和复杂性的地质工程。为避免或减少采用单一探测方法可能出现的不确定性,以一抽水蓄能电站为例,并行采用了4种方法对研究区进行了探测:(1)放射性法;(2)高密度电法;(3)天然示踪法;(4)水质分析法。就其原理而言,前2种方法属于应用地球物理范畴,而后2种方法则属于应用地球化学范畴。根据探测成果,认为区内岩体渗透薄弱部位是存在的,而以γ射线强度负异常、低电阻、渗漏水点水温及其他水质指标含量比较接近其补给源作为标志。就其形成机制而言,为多场耦合作用的产物;其中,水动力作用、水化学作用及其耦合作用为最活跃的因素。
It is a kind of complicated geo-engineering surveying the weakness area of anti-seepage within surrounding rock masses of water-diversion system of a pumped storage power plant.In order to avoid the uncertainty involved only by one method,four methods,i.e.γ-ray radioactive determination,resistivity exploration,natural tracer and water quality analyzing method,were used in this case study.Essentially,the former two methods are based on geophysics,while the latter two ones are on geochemistry. According to the results,it is believed that some weakness areas of anti-seepage indeed exist within the domain.They were remarked with negative abnormalγ-ray density,lower resistivity,water chemistry mostly in coincidence with one as its recharge source,and others.As to the formation,it is resultant from the coupled action of multi-fields,in which hydro-dynamic and geochemical action are mostly active.
It is a kind of complicated geo-engineering surveying the weakness area of anti-seepage within surrounding rock masses of water-diversion system of a pumped storage power plant.In order to avoid the uncertainty involved only by one method,four methods,i.e.γ-ray radioactive determination,resistivity exploration,natural tracer and water quality analyzing method,were used in this case study.Essentially,the former two methods are based on geophysics,while the latter two ones are on geochemistry. According to the results,it is believed that some weakness areas of anti-seepage indeed exist within the domain.They were remarked with negative abnormalγ-ray density,lower resistivity,water chemistry mostly in coincidence with one as its recharge source,and others.As to the formation,it is resultant from the coupled action of multi-fields,in which hydro-dynamic and geochemical action are mostly active.
引文
[1]韩志诚.十三陵抽水蓄能压力管道塌方分析,抽水蓄能电站工程地质问题分析研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2001:170-175.
[2]张有天.论有压水工隧洞最小覆盖厚度[J].水利学报,2002,(2):1-5.ZHANG You-tian.Minimum overburden of hydraulic pressure tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,(2):1-5.
[3]FERNANDEG G.Behaviour of pressure tunnels and guidelines for liner design[J].Journal of Geotechnic Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(10):1768-1791.
[4]伍智钦,刘学山.广蓄二期工程高压岔管渗漏问题的探讨[J].水力发电,2001,(2):27-30.WU Zhi-qin,LIU Xue-shan.Initial filling and emptying tests on headrace system of Guangzhou pumped storage power station phase II[J].Water Power,2001,(20):27-30.
[5]李广诚.地下水在岩基地下工程中的地质灾害分析,抽水蓄能电站工程地质问题分析研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2001:235-240.
[6]长春地质学院水文物探编写组编.水文地质工程地质物探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1979:277-286.
[7]宋汉周,周祖权.探查坝基帷幕防渗缺陷的水文地球化学方法[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(2):13-16.SONG Han-zhou,ZHOU Zuo-quan.Locating anti-leakage deficiency of curtain-grouting with hydrogeo-chemistry method[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(2):13-16.
[8]宋汉周,周剑,王凤波.大坝坝址地下水质的演变及其示踪意义[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(3):74-78.SONG Han-zhou,ZHOU Jian,WANG Feng-bo.Study of groundwater quality evolution around dam-site and its significance[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(3):74-78.
[9]杨天鸿,唐春安,徐涛等,著.岩石破裂过程的渗流特性—理论、模型与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:38-43.
[10]黄润秋,王贤能,陈龙生.深埋隧道涌水过程的水力劈裂作用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):573-576.HUANG Run-qiu,WANG Xian-nen,CHEN Long-seng.Hydro-spilling of analysis on underwater in deep lying tunnels and its effect on water gushing out[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):573-576.
[11]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004:55-78.
[2]张有天.论有压水工隧洞最小覆盖厚度[J].水利学报,2002,(2):1-5.ZHANG You-tian.Minimum overburden of hydraulic pressure tunnel[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,(2):1-5.
[3]FERNANDEG G.Behaviour of pressure tunnels and guidelines for liner design[J].Journal of Geotechnic Engineering,ASCE,1994,120(10):1768-1791.
[4]伍智钦,刘学山.广蓄二期工程高压岔管渗漏问题的探讨[J].水力发电,2001,(2):27-30.WU Zhi-qin,LIU Xue-shan.Initial filling and emptying tests on headrace system of Guangzhou pumped storage power station phase II[J].Water Power,2001,(20):27-30.
[5]李广诚.地下水在岩基地下工程中的地质灾害分析,抽水蓄能电站工程地质问题分析研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2001:235-240.
[6]长春地质学院水文物探编写组编.水文地质工程地质物探教程[M].北京:地质出版社,1979:277-286.
[7]宋汉周,周祖权.探查坝基帷幕防渗缺陷的水文地球化学方法[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(2):13-16.SONG Han-zhou,ZHOU Zuo-quan.Locating anti-leakage deficiency of curtain-grouting with hydrogeo-chemistry method[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(2):13-16.
[8]宋汉周,周剑,王凤波.大坝坝址地下水质的演变及其示踪意义[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(3):74-78.SONG Han-zhou,ZHOU Jian,WANG Feng-bo.Study of groundwater quality evolution around dam-site and its significance[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2004,23(3):74-78.
[9]杨天鸿,唐春安,徐涛等,著.岩石破裂过程的渗流特性—理论、模型与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:38-43.
[10]黄润秋,王贤能,陈龙生.深埋隧道涌水过程的水力劈裂作用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(5):573-576.HUANG Run-qiu,WANG Xian-nen,CHEN Long-seng.Hydro-spilling of analysis on underwater in deep lying tunnels and its effect on water gushing out[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(5):573-576.
[11]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004:55-78.
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