高烈度地震区山岭隧道洞口减震问题的数值模拟研究
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摘要
采用有限差分软件FLAC3D 3.0研究隧道洞口段的抗震设防长度和衬砌刚度对地震反应的影响,分析设置横向减震层、纵向减震层和加固围岩对衬砌结构的减震效果,并总结山岭隧道洞口减震的思路和措施。结果表明:一般进入洞内25~30 m后地震放大效应开始趋于平稳,该距离可为确定洞口抗震设防长度参考;衬砌刚度过大在一定程度上将加大震害;设置横向减震层和纵向减震层都能使地震反应明显减弱,使应力分布更趋均匀,且前者效果明显好于后者;通过设置锚杆增强围岩整体性,可有效减少作用在衬砌上的地震荷载,且对软质围岩效果更佳。最后,提出山岭隧道洞口必须综合减震,衬砌应该刚、柔平衡。
The influence of the protecting length of tunnel portal and lining stiffness on seismic response was studied by using the finite difference software FLAC3D 3.0.The damping effect of setting buffer layer in lateral direction or axial direction and reinforcing the surrounding rock on the lining structure was analyzed.The keys and the synthetical measures for shock absorption of mountainous tunnel portal were summarized as well.The result shows that(1) the amplification effect of seismic wave gets stable after going deep into tunnel about 25～30 m,which can be used as a reference to specify the protecting length of tunnel portal for earthquake-resistance;(2) too large stiffness of lining will expand the seismic damage;(3) setting lateral bufferlayer or axial buffer layer can both significantly decrease the seismic response and make the stress evenly,and the effect of the former is obviously better than the latter;(4) enforcing wall rock with bolts can effectively reduce the seismic load on lining and this effect is better for weak wall rock.Finally,it is put forward that synthetical measures for vibration absorption should be adopted and the lining stiffness should be balanced for seismic safety design of mountainous tunnel portal.
The influence of the protecting length of tunnel portal and lining stiffness on seismic response was studied by using the finite difference software FLAC3D 3.0.The damping effect of setting buffer layer in lateral direction or axial direction and reinforcing the surrounding rock on the lining structure was analyzed.The keys and the synthetical measures for shock absorption of mountainous tunnel portal were summarized as well.The result shows that(1) the amplification effect of seismic wave gets stable after going deep into tunnel about 25～30 m,which can be used as a reference to specify the protecting length of tunnel portal for earthquake-resistance;(2) too large stiffness of lining will expand the seismic damage;(3) setting lateral bufferlayer or axial buffer layer can both significantly decrease the seismic response and make the stress evenly,and the effect of the former is obviously better than the latter;(4) enforcing wall rock with bolts can effectively reduce the seismic load on lining and this effect is better for weak wall rock.Finally,it is put forward that synthetical measures for vibration absorption should be adopted and the lining stiffness should be balanced for seismic safety design of mountainous tunnel portal.
引文
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[2]季倩倩,杨林德.地下铁道震害与震后修复措施[J].灾害学,2001,16(2):31-36.JI Qianqian,YANG Linde.Seismic Damage and RestorationMeasures of Subway[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2001,6(2):31-36.
[3]王秀英,刘维宁,张弥.地下结构震害类型及机理研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2003,13(11):55-58.WANG Xiuying,LIU Weining,ZHANG Mi.Study on the Cat-egorization and Mechanism of Seismic Damage of UndergroundStructures[J].Journal of China Safety Science,2003,13(11):55-58.
[4]中华人民共和国交通部.JTJ004-89公路工程抗震设计规范[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2003.P.R.China.Ministry of Communications.JTJ004-89 Specifica-tions of Earthquake Resistant Design for Highway Engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2003.
[5]王明年.高烈度地震区地下结构减震技术原理的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,1999.WANG Minnian.Study on Shock Absorption Technology of Un-derground Structure in High Earthquake Intensity Area[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,1999.
[6]李育枢.山岭隧道地震动力响应及减震措施研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.LI Yushu.Study on Earthquake Response and Vibration-absorp-tion Measures of Mountainous Tunnel[D].Shanghai:TongjiUniversity,2006.
[7]周荣军,何玉林.G318线海子山至竹巴笼段公路黄草坪新线隧道、桥梁工程场地地震安全性评价报告[R].成都:四川省地震局工程地震研究所,2002.ZHOU Rongjun,HE Yulin.Report of Seismic Safety Evalua-tion for Tunnel and Bridge Construction Site on New Line ofHuangcaoping of Highway Segment from Haizi Mountain toZhubalong of State Highway G318[R].Chengdu:Institute ofEngineering Earthquake,Sichuan Earthquake Adminstration,2002.
[8]SHARMA S,JUDD W R.Underground Opening Damage fromEarthquakes[J].Engineering Geology,1991,30(3):263-276.
[9]POWER M,ROSIDI D,KANESHIRO J.Seismic Vulnerabilityof Tunnels-revisited[C]//Proceedings of the North AmericanTunneling Conference.Elsevier,Long Beach,CA,USA:1998.
[10]王文礼,苏灼谨,林峻弘,等.台湾集集大地震山岳隧道受损情形之探讨[J].现代隧道技术,2001,38(2):52-60.WANG Wenli,SU Zhuojin,LIN Junhong,et al.Discussionon Damaged Extent of Mountainous Tunnels due to Earthquake,Taiwan[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2001,38(2):52-60.
[11]OKAMOTO S.Introduction to Earthquake Engineering[M].2nd ed.Tokyo:University of Tokyo Press,1984.
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