地震数据采集系统频谱均衡滤波理论研究
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摘要
建立视等厚层状吸收介质模型,计算地层吸收衰减特性,以此为依据给出了频谱均衡滤波器的数学模型和设计框图。选择主频为200 Hz的雷克子波,理论计算原始地震反射波的特征参数(主振幅、主频率、频带宽度)。利用所设计的频谱均衡滤波器对原始地震反射进行滤波,能够有效补偿地层的吸收衰减,地震反射波的特征参数得到明显改善。时间从0.5～3.0 s,主振幅增强了20.55～30.40 dB,主频率提高了104～74 Hz,频带被拓宽了205～186 Hz,分辨率提高到2.9～13.9 m(分辨率提高了56%～67%)。
A set of uniform thickness models of layered absorption media were established.The absorption and attenuation character of stratum were calculated as well.Based on these results the mathematic model and spectrum equilibrating filter(SEF) frame were designed.Ricker wavelet whose predominant frequency is 200Hz was chosen as the exciting wave,and the character parameters(predominant amplitude,predominant frequency and frequency bandwidth) of its reflected wave were calculated.Filtered by SEF the strata's absorption and attenuation was compensated and the parameters of reflected wave could be improved as well.When time range changed from 0.5s to 3.0s,the predominant amplitude,predominant frequency and frequency band increased 20.55-30.40 dB,104-74 Hz and 205-186 Hz,respectively,and the resolution increased to 2.9-13.9 m(increasing 56%-67%).
A set of uniform thickness models of layered absorption media were established.The absorption and attenuation character of stratum were calculated as well.Based on these results the mathematic model and spectrum equilibrating filter(SEF) frame were designed.Ricker wavelet whose predominant frequency is 200Hz was chosen as the exciting wave,and the character parameters(predominant amplitude,predominant frequency and frequency bandwidth) of its reflected wave were calculated.Filtered by SEF the strata's absorption and attenuation was compensated and the parameters of reflected wave could be improved as well.When time range changed from 0.5s to 3.0s,the predominant amplitude,predominant frequency and frequency band increased 20.55-30.40 dB,104-74 Hz and 205-186 Hz,respectively,and the resolution increased to 2.9-13.9 m(increasing 56%-67%).
引文
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[14]Jan Jack.Seismic system 2000[J].The LeadingEdge,1996,15(10):1126-1128.
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[16]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276-281.TENG Ji-wen.The development and guide directionof research and manufacture of geophysical instru-ments and experimental equipments in China[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):276-281.
[17]钱绍瑚.高分辨率勘探与地震仪器[J].物探与化探,1995,19(2):114-121.QIAN Shao-hu.High resolution exploration and seis-mographs[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Explora-tion,1995,19(2):114-121.
[2]钱绍湖,顾汉明,王晓华,等.在高分辨率地震勘探中仪器为什么要加低截滤波器[J].物探装备,1998,8(1):7-13.QIAN Shao-hu,GU Han-ming,WANG Xiao-hua,etal.Why the instrument for hi-resolution seismic explo-ration should have low-cut filter[J].Equipments forGeophysical Prospecting,1998,8(1):7-13.
[3]柴书常.地震采集与仪器进化[J].石油仪器,1999,13(1):10-16.CHAI Shu-chang.Seismic data acquisition and instru-ment evolution[J].Petroleum Instruments,1999,13(1):10-16.
[4]袁子龙,李婷婷.Δ-∑A/D转换技术及在地震勘探中的应用[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):300-303.YUAN Zi-long,LI Ting-ting.TheΔ-∑A/D conver-ting technique and its application in seismic exploration[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(2):300-303.
[5]付清锋.地震检波器新技术发展方向[J].石油仪器,2005,19(6):1-4.FU Qing-feng.New development of the seismic geo-phone[J].Petroleum Instruments,2005,19(6):1-4.
[6]姚振兴,高星,李维新.用于深度域地震剖面衰减与频散补偿的反Q滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(2):229-233.YAO Zhen-xing,GAO Xing,LI Wei-xin.The for-ward Q method for compensating attenuation and fre-quency dispersion used in the seismic profile of depthdomain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(2):229-233.
[7]袁子龙,张学娟,李婷婷.层状吸收介质地震反射参数的计算[J].大庆石油学院学报,2005,29(3):4-9.YUAN Zi-long,ZHANG Xue-juan,LI Ting-ting.Calculation of seismic reflection parameters based onthe layer absorption media[J].Journal of Daqing Pe-troleum Institute,2005,29(3):4-9.
[8]袁子龙,李婷婷.地层吸收衰减与地震仪器记录性能[J].石油物探,2004,43(5):450-452.YUAN Zi-long,LI Ting-ting.Absorption and attenu-ation of stratum and recording performance of seismicinstrument[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petrole-um,2004,43(5):450-452.
[9]袁子龙,庄红艳.高分辨率地震数据采集系统中的低切滤波器[J].仪器仪表学报,2003,24(3):297-308.YUAN Zi-long,ZHUANG Hong-yan.Low-cut filterin high resolution seismic data acquisition system[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2003,24(3):297-308.
[10]吕公河.高精度地震勘探采集技术探讨[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(3):261-266.L Gong-he.Discussion of high-precision seismicprospecting acquisition technology[J].Oil Geophysi-cal Prospecting,2005,40(3):261-266.
[11]湘赣.地震勘探仪器的现状与发展[J].物探装备,2001,11(1):1-8.XIANG Gan.Seismic exploration instrument[J].Equipments for Geophysical Prospecting,2001,11(1):1-8.
[12]袁子龙.地震勘探仪器中频谱整形滤波器的理论研究[J].石油仪器,1996,10(5):3-6.YUAN Zi-long.Study on theory of spectral shapingfilter in the seismic prospecting instrument[J].Pe-troleum Instruments,1996,10(5):3-6.
[13]袁子龙,胡亚华,曹广华.高分辨率地震数据采集中的高频补偿[J].大庆石油学院学报,2002,26(3):9-11.YUAN Zi-long,HU Ya-hua,CAO Guang-hua.Highfrequency compensation in high resolution seismicdata acquisition[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum In-stitute,2002,26(3):9-11.
[14]Jan Jack.Seismic system 2000[J].The LeadingEdge,1996,15(10):1126-1128.
[15]陈祖传.地球物理勘探技术的最新发展及今后的趋向(上)[J].物探装备,1997,7(1):1-9.CHEN Zu-chuan.The latest development and trendof geophysical prospecting technoloies[J].Equip-ments for Geophysical Prospecting,1997,7(1):1-9.
[16]滕吉文.中国地球物理仪器和实验设备研究与研制的发展与导向[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):276-281.TENG Ji-wen.The development and guide directionof research and manufacture of geophysical instru-ments and experimental equipments in China[J].Pro-gress in Geophysics,2005,20(2):276-281.
[17]钱绍瑚.高分辨率勘探与地震仪器[J].物探与化探,1995,19(2):114-121.QIAN Shao-hu.High resolution exploration and seis-mographs[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Explora-tion,1995,19(2):114-121.
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