我国西部生态脆性:国内外的观点与一种评估预控的出路
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摘要
汶川地震、玉树地震、盈江地震、西南大旱等由西部生态脆性引发的生态危机有向全国蔓延之势,但目前尚缺乏有效的应对措施。针对这种情况,国内外对中国西部生态脆性问题如何解决做了不少探索,对其观点进行综述性的梳理可以了解国内外本领域专家提出的各种解决措施,并找到可能被遗漏的"良药"。通过对检索到的文献的梳理发现,目前国内外普遍忽视了对西部生态进行评估性研究,这使得以政府为主的主体在应对中缺乏针对性,因此,建议从构建西部生态脆性评价数据库、开发科学的脆性评估准则、选取有代表性的证据数据等方面来寻找一种以评估来预防、控制生态脆性的出路。
The earthquakes of Wenchuan,Yushu,Yingjiang and other ecology crisis caused by ecological vulnerabilities in China's western areas have an evident trend to spread to the whole country.Unfortunately,no efficient measures are available to solve the problems.Foreign and domestic scholars have tried their best to seek some valuable ways to solve the ecology vulnerabilities in China's western areas.Combing the findings of the scholars,we found that the ecology evaluation had been completely neglected,which caused the mis-countermeasures to ease the vulnerabilities.
The earthquakes of Wenchuan,Yushu,Yingjiang and other ecology crisis caused by ecological vulnerabilities in China's western areas have an evident trend to spread to the whole country.Unfortunately,no efficient measures are available to solve the problems.Foreign and domestic scholars have tried their best to seek some valuable ways to solve the ecology vulnerabilities in China's western areas.Combing the findings of the scholars,we found that the ecology evaluation had been completely neglected,which caused the mis-countermeasures to ease the vulnerabilities.
引文
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[3]B.Devall,G.Sessions.Deep Ecology:Living as if Nature Mattered[M].Salt Lake City:Peregrine Smith Books,1985.6-26.
[4]J.S.Larson.Rapid assessment of wetlands:history and application to management[A].W.J.Mitsch(ed.).Global Wetlands:OldWorld and New.Elsevier,1994.623-636
[5]M.Wachernagel,W.E.Rees.Our Ecological Footprint:Reducing Human Impact on the Earth[M].Gabriola Island,1996.6-16.
[6]R.Costanza et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Science,1997,(386):253-260.
[7]XM Wang,et al.Climate,desertification,and the rise and collapse of China’s historical dynasties[J].Human Ecology,2010,(38):157-172.
[8]Ta Li,et al.Fragmentation of China’s landscape by roads and urban areas[J].Landscape Ecology,2010,(25):839-853.
[9]J Xi,Hwang.Relocation stress,coping,and sense of control among resettlers resulting from China’s three Gorges Dam project[J].Social Indicators Research,2010,December 8(Online FirstTM),DOI 10.1007/s11205-010-9758-5.
[10]Q Liu et al.Grass(Poaceae)richness patterns across China’s nature reserves[J].Plant Ecology,2009,(201):531-551.
[11]J Zhang et al.Carbon uptake and change in net primary productivity of Oasis-desert ecosystem in arid western China with motesensing technique[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2006,16(3):315-325.
[12]LM Dai,et al.China’s classification-based forest management:procedures,problems,and prospects[J].Environmental Man-agement,2009,(43):1162-1173.
[13]N.J.Enright,K.F.Cao.Plant ecology in China[J].Plant Ecology,2010,(209):181-187.
[14]刘凤朝.国家创新能力测评方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[15]欧阳志云.中国生态建设与可持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[16]董锁成,李雪,石广义等.宁蒙陕甘沿黄生态经济带建设构想[J].地理研究,2010,(2):204-213.
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[18]M.Kantardzic.闪四清,陈茵,程雁译.数据挖掘——概念、模型、方法和算法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.2-3.
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