济阳坳陷古近系碎屑岩地层中震积岩识别标志研究
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摘要
在陆相湖盆中,地震引起的各种作用力可以对各种先成沉积物进行改造而形成震积岩,建立准确可信的识别标志是震积岩研究中最关键的问题之一。应用大量岩心、薄片和成像测井分析资料,对济阳坳陷古近纪沙河街组砂泥质沉积中地震灾变事件的典型识别标志及其成因进行了研究。结果表明,震积作用可以形成特殊的构造标志(层内阶梯状微断层、震裂缝、混合层构造等)、沉积和成岩标志(液化砂、泥岩岩脉和泄水构造、串珠状构造、震积砂枕及砂球构造、液化卷曲变形构造等)及特殊的岩石类型(震褶岩、震裂岩、震塌岩及液化角砾岩等)。研究区未固结富含孔隙水的软沉积物以地震液化序列为主,半固结或固结的沉积物以断裂和破碎变形的震积序列为主,序列的完整性取决于剖面位置、地震震级及地震持续时间,特别是发生地震处的岩性。此研究可识别陆相湖盆地震事件沉积,提供判断储集砂体成因的对比标准,为正确判断储集砂体的“多元”性提供地质理论依据。
The seismites are developed through the formed sediments reformed by seismic forces in lacustrine basin.Establishing the accurate and reliable distinguishing marks is one of the most critical problems of researching seismites.Based on core observation,thin section and imaging logging analysis,the typical distinguishing marks and genesis of seismic disaster event in arenaceous-pelitic sediments,Shahejie formation of Paleogene in Jiyang depression were discussed.During earthquake,some deformation structures(step microfault,microfissure and mixed layers),sedimentary and diagenitic structures(liquefied sandstone vein,liquefied mudstone vein,water-escape structure,pillow structure,ball structure,pinch-and-swell structure and convolute lamination) and special rocks(seismic corrugated rock,shattering rock,seismic fall-masses and liquefied breccia) are formed.The seismic liquefied sequence of unconsolidated soft sediments with high content of pore water and seismic sequence of semi-consolidated or consolidated sediments dominated by fracture and broken deformation were summarized.The feature and integrity of sequences depend on the location of section,magnitude of earthquake and duration time,especially lithologic characters of seismic area.The research about distinguishing marks of lacustrine seismite cores and genesis provide geologists with one of correlation standards for identifying the event deposition of lacustrine basin and judging the genesis of reservoir sandbody as well as theoretical foundations for judging the 'polygenesis' of reservoir sandbody in Jiyang depression.
The seismites are developed through the formed sediments reformed by seismic forces in lacustrine basin.Establishing the accurate and reliable distinguishing marks is one of the most critical problems of researching seismites.Based on core observation,thin section and imaging logging analysis,the typical distinguishing marks and genesis of seismic disaster event in arenaceous-pelitic sediments,Shahejie formation of Paleogene in Jiyang depression were discussed.During earthquake,some deformation structures(step microfault,microfissure and mixed layers),sedimentary and diagenitic structures(liquefied sandstone vein,liquefied mudstone vein,water-escape structure,pillow structure,ball structure,pinch-and-swell structure and convolute lamination) and special rocks(seismic corrugated rock,shattering rock,seismic fall-masses and liquefied breccia) are formed.The seismic liquefied sequence of unconsolidated soft sediments with high content of pore water and seismic sequence of semi-consolidated or consolidated sediments dominated by fracture and broken deformation were summarized.The feature and integrity of sequences depend on the location of section,magnitude of earthquake and duration time,especially lithologic characters of seismic area.The research about distinguishing marks of lacustrine seismite cores and genesis provide geologists with one of correlation standards for identifying the event deposition of lacustrine basin and judging the genesis of reservoir sandbody as well as theoretical foundations for judging the 'polygenesis' of reservoir sandbody in Jiyang depression.
引文
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[14]吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24.WU Xian-tao,YIN Guo-xun.The discovery and signif-icance of the seismites in late Jurassic lake sediment ofEmei,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,1992,10(3):19-24.
[15]杨剑萍.陆相断陷湖盆地震事件沉积及其油气地质意义研究———以济阳坳陷古近系为例[D].东营:中国石油大学地球资源与信息学院,2005:54-59.
[2]袁静.中国震积作用和震积岩研究进展[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(1):144-149.YUAN Jing.Research of seismic deposition and seismitesof China[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,Chi-na(Edition of Natural Science),2005,29(1):144-149.
[3]KULLBERG J C,OLORIZ F,MARQUES B,et al.Flat-pebble conglomerates:a local marker for EarlyJurassicseismicity related to syn-rift tectonics in the Ses-imbra area(Lusitanian Basin,Portugal)[J].SedimentaryGeology,2001,139:49-70.
[4]ROEP T B,EVENTS A J.Pillow-beds:a new type ofseismites?An example from an Oligocene turbidite fancomplex Alicante[J].Sedimentology,1992,36:711-724.
[5]DU Yuan-sheng,ZHANG Chuan-heng,HAN Xin,etal.Earthquake event deposits in Mesoproterozoic Kun-yang Group in central Yunnan Province and its geologicalimplications[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,44(7):600-608.
[6]乔秀夫,宋天锐,高林志,等.碳酸盐岩振动液化地震序列[J].地质学报,1994,68(1):16-32.QIAO Xiu-fu,SONG Tian-rui,GAO Lin-zhi,et al.Seismic sequence in carbonate rocks by vibrational lique-faction[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1994,68(1):16-32.
[7]KNAUST D.Pinch-and-swell structures at the Middle/Upper Muschelkalk boundary(Triassic):evidence ofearthquake effects(seismites)in the Germanic Basin[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2002,91(2):291-303.
[8]周晓东,陈跃军.吉南地区晚震旦世震积岩特征[J].吉林地质,1998,17(4),24-28.ZHOU Xiao-dong,CHEN Yue-jun.The late simian seis-mic depositional rock characteristics in the southern partof Jilin Province[J].Jilin Geology,1998,17(4):24-28.
[9]杜远生,韩欣.论震积作用和震积岩[J].地球科学进展,2000(4):389-394.DU Yuan-sheng,HAN Xin.Seismo-deposition and seis-mites[J].Advance in Earth Science,2000(4):389-394.
[10]RODRI Guez Pascua M A,CALVO J P,VICENTE GDe,et al.Soft-sediment deformation structures inter-preted as seismites inlacustrine sediments of the PrebeticZone,SE Spain,and theirpotential use as indicators ofearthquake magnitudes during the late Miocene[J].Sedimentary Geology,2000,135:117-135.
[11]VANNESTE K,MEGHRAOUI M,CAMELBEEC T.Late Quaternary earthquake-related soft-sediment defor-mation along the Belgian portion of the feldbiss fault,lower rhine Graben system[J].Tectonophysics,1999,309:57-79.
[12]SPALLCTTA C,VAIL G B.Upper Devonian intraclastparabreccias interpreted as seismites[J].Mar Geol,1984,55(1-2):133-144.
[13]乔秀夫,高林志,彭阳,等.古郯庐带沧浪铺阶地震事件、层序及构造意义[J].中国科学(D辑),2001,31(11):911-918.QIAO Xiu-fu,GAO Lin-zhi,PENG Yang,et al.Seismicevent,sequent and tectonic significance in CanglangpuStage in Paleo-Tanlu fault zone[J].Science in China(Series D),2001,31(11):911-918.
[14]吴贤涛,尹国勋.四川峨眉晚侏罗世湖泊沉积中震积岩的发现及其意义[J].沉积学报,1992,10(3):19-24.WU Xian-tao,YIN Guo-xun.The discovery and signif-icance of the seismites in late Jurassic lake sediment ofEmei,Sichuan Province[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sini-ca,1992,10(3):19-24.
[15]杨剑萍.陆相断陷湖盆地震事件沉积及其油气地质意义研究———以济阳坳陷古近系为例[D].东营:中国石油大学地球资源与信息学院,2005:54-59.
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