跨喜马拉雅的GPS观测与地壳形变
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
1991年中美两国首次开展了跨喜马拉雅的GPS测量,通过1992和1995年复测,获得了西藏南部与尼泊尔之间的相对运动速率为(17±3)mm/a。根据弹性位错模型推算印度板块以(20±3)mm/a的速率挤入西藏块体。西藏南部地区(拉萨到珠穆朗玛峰)东西向拉伸速率为(6±3)mm/a,而拉萨相对于尼泊尔西部的东西向拉伸为(12±3)mm/a。GPS测定的运动速率和方向与由地质和地震资料推断青藏块体的现代地壳运动特征基本一致。
The rapid uplift and crust thickening of the Qinghai Tibet plateau are attributed to the continental interaction between Indian and Eurasia plate, which can be accurately determined by GPS. The crustal movement rate across the Himalaya is observed firstly by the scientists from China and America in 1991. The convergent rate 17±3 mm/a between southern Tibet and Nepal is given by a series of measurements in 1992 and 1995. With the elastic model of dislocation, it can be explained that the Indian plate should be squeezed into the Tibet block at the rate 20±3 mm/a and with fault dip 9° toward north of lndian plate at depth 15~20 km in the Himalaya. And the extension rate 6±3 mm/a of southern Tibet at the direction N110°E is estimated. The velocity and orientation determined by GPS are rather consistent with that obtained by geologic and seismic data.
引文
1DeweyJS,ShackletonRM,常承法,等.青藏高原的构造演化.见:青藏高原综合地质考察队编,青藏高原综合地质考察报告.北京:科学出版社,1990,384~415.2Molnar,P.&P.Tapponnier.CenozoictectonicsofAsia:efectsofcontinentalcolision.Science,1975,189,419~426.3DeMetsC.,R.Gordon,D.Argus,etal.Curentplatemotions.Geophys.J.Int.,1990,101,425~478.4Molnar,P.&H.LyonCaen.FaultplatesolutionofearthquakesandactivetectonicsoftheTibetanPlateauanditsmargins.Geophys.J.Int.,1989,99,123~153.5ArmijoR.,P.Tapponnier,J.L.Mercier,andT.Han.QuaternaryextensioninsouthernTibet:Filedobservationsandtectonicimplication.J.Geophys.Res.,1986,91,13803~13872.6郑剑东.青藏高原西北缘地球动力学初探.地震地质,1996,18(2):119~127.7Abdrakhmatov,K.Ye.S.A.Aldazhanov,B.H.Hageretal.RelativelyrecentconstructionoftheTienShaninferedfromGPSmeasurementsofpresentdaycrustaldeformationrates.Nature,1996,384,450~453.8陈俊勇,张骥,薛璋,等.珠穆朗玛峰地区的地壳运动及有关问题的探讨.地球物理学报,39(1),58~67.9Jackson,M.&R.Bilham.ConstraintsonHimalayandeformationinferedfromverticalvelocityfieldsinNepalandTibet.J.Geophys.Res.,99,13897~13912.10王琪,游新兆,王启梁.用全球定位系统(GPS)监测青藏高原地壳形变.地震地质,1996,18(2):97~103.11Jackson,M.&R.Bilham.EpochGPSmeasurementsacrostheNepalHimalaya.Geophys.Res.Let.,1994,21,1169~1172.12BilhamR.,K.Larson,J.Freymueleretal.GPSmeasurementsofpresentdayconvergenceacrostheNepalHimalaya.Nature,1997,386,61~64.13BeutlerG.,I.IMueler,R.E.Neilan.TheinternationalGPSserviceforgeodynamics(IGS):developmentandstatusofoficialserviceonJanuary.BuletinGeodesique,1994,68,39~70.14LichtenS.M.EstimationandfilteringforhighprecisionGPSpositioningapplications.ManuscriptaGeodaetica,1990,15,159~176.15FreymuelerJ.AnautomaticeditingprogramforGPSdualfrequencycodelesGPSreceiver.IntroductiontoGIPSYOSSIS-Ⅱ,JetPropulsionLaboratory,July,1993.16Larson,K.,J.Freymueler,andS.Philipsen.GlobalplatevelocitiesfromtheGlobalPositioningSystem.J.Geophys.Res.,1997,102,9961~9981.17Hiflin,M.,W.Bertiger,G.Blewit,etal.GlobalgeodesyusingGPSwithoutfiducialsites,Geophys.Res.Let.,1991,18,1839~1896.18Argus,D.&R.Gordon.NonetrotationmodelofcurentplatevelocitiesincorporatingplatemotionmodelNUVEL1.Geophys.Res.Let.,1991,18,2039~2042.19高名修.青藏高原南缘现今地球动力学研究.地震地质,1996,18(2):143~160.20LyonCaen,H.&Molnar,P.Gravityanormalies,flexureoftheIndianPlate,andthestructure,supportandevolutionoftheHimalayaandGangaBasin.Tectonis,1985,4,513~538.21Molnar,P.&DengQ.FaultingasociatedwithlargeearthquakesandaveragerateofdeformationincentralandeasternAsia.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89,6203~6227.22ZhaoW,D.Nelson,andINDEPTHteam.DepseismicreflectionevidenceforcontinentalunderthrustingbeneathTibet.Nature,1993,366,557~559.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心