孔隙压力地震预测技术综述
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摘要
利用地震速度资料进行地层孔隙压力预测对油气勘探开发具有相当重要的作用。与常规方法相比,用基于反演技术的层析成像法得到的速度更适合于孔隙压力分析。将孔隙压力分析与构造解释相结合,可显著提高成像质量;S波和转换波速度对孔隙压力的变化更敏感,可作为用P波速度探测孔隙压力异常的补充。介绍了超压环境中的AVO模型异常与储层的关系,以及解决由各种因素引起的地下不确定性的方法。
Pore-pressure prediction by seismic data plays a very important role in petroleum exploration and development. Currently, pore pressure is often estimated from seismic velocity. Several inversion technologies are available for determination of velocity that is suitable for pressure prediction. Tomographic inversion provides velocities that are better correlating to geological structures compared to conventional stacking velocity analysis. Recently, new ideas and technologies have been introduced, such as combining pore-pressure analysis to structural interpretation, and pressure prediction by S- and converted wave velocities. Uncertainty in pressure prediction and AVO responses in overpressure environment also have great attraction to people.
Pore-pressure prediction by seismic data plays a very important role in petroleum exploration and development. Currently, pore pressure is often estimated from seismic velocity. Several inversion technologies are available for determination of velocity that is suitable for pressure prediction. Tomographic inversion provides velocities that are better correlating to geological structures compared to conventional stacking velocity analysis. Recently, new ideas and technologies have been introduced, such as combining pore-pressure analysis to structural interpretation, and pressure prediction by S- and converted wave velocities. Uncertainty in pressure prediction and AVO responses in overpressure environment also have great attraction to people.
引文
1 Dutta N C,Ray A. Image of geopressured rocks using velocity and acoustic inversion of seismic data[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 67th Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 1.997,1 929-1 930
2 Mallick S. Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm; An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand[J]. Geophysics, 1999,64(1):326 - 336
3 Reynolds E B. Predicting overpressured zones with seismic data[J]. World Oil, 1970,171(1) :78-82
4 Bilgeri D, Ademeno E B. Predicting abnormally pressured sedimentary rocks[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1982,30 : 608-621
5 Dutta N C. Pressure prediction from seismic data: Implications for seal distribution and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[A]. in: Pedersen P M, Koestler A G, eds. Hydrocarbon seals [C]. Burlington, M A. USA: Elsevier Press, 1997. 187-199
6 Mathew W R, Kelly J. How to predict formation pressure and fracture gradient[J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 1967,65:92-106
7 Eaton B A. Graphical method predicts pressure world-wide[J]. World Oil,1972,182:51-56
8 云美厚.地震地层压力预测[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(4):575-586
9 Dutta N C. Geopressure prediction using seismic data: Current status and road ahead[J]. Geophysics, 2002, 67 (6) :2 012-2 041
10 Badri M A, Sayers C M, Awad R, at al. A feasibility study for pore-pressure prediction using seismic velocities in the offshore Nile Delta, Egypt[J]. The Leading Edge, 2000,19(10):1103-1108
11 Lee S, Shaw J, Ho R, et al. Illuminating the shadows: Tomography, attenuation, and pore-pressure processing in the South Caspian Sea[J]. The Leading Edge, 1998,17 (6): 777-782
12 Caudron A, Gullco R. Pressure estimation in a structurally complex regime: A case study from Macuspana Basin, Mexico[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Internal SEG Mtg,2003,532-535
13 Hall S A, MacBeth C, Stammeijer J, et al. Time-lapse seismic analysis of pressure depletion in the Southern Gas Basin[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual In-ternat SEG Mtg,2003,359-362
14 Ebron D, Heppard P, Mueller M, et al. Pore pressure prediction from S-wave, C-wave, and P-wave ve-locities[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Inter-nat SEG Mtg,2003,426-429
15 Weathers L, LeRoy S, Lunen E V. AVO models in geopressure seting-deep Gulf of Mexico shelf [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2003,611-614
16 Lopez J L, Rappold P M. Integrated shared earth model:3D pore-pressure prediction and uncertainty a-nalysis[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004,23(1) :52-59
17 Smythe J, Docherty P, Loren D, et al. How to estimate pore pressure from seismic velocities [J]. World Oil, 2003,224(4) :53-56
18 Sayers C M, Woodward M J, Bartman R C. Predrill pore-pressure prediction using 4 - C seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge,2001,20(9) :1 056-1 059
2 Mallick S. Some practical aspects of prestack waveform inversion using a genetic algorithm; An example from the east Texas Woodbine gas sand[J]. Geophysics, 1999,64(1):326 - 336
3 Reynolds E B. Predicting overpressured zones with seismic data[J]. World Oil, 1970,171(1) :78-82
4 Bilgeri D, Ademeno E B. Predicting abnormally pressured sedimentary rocks[J]. Geophysical Prospecting, 1982,30 : 608-621
5 Dutta N C. Pressure prediction from seismic data: Implications for seal distribution and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico[A]. in: Pedersen P M, Koestler A G, eds. Hydrocarbon seals [C]. Burlington, M A. USA: Elsevier Press, 1997. 187-199
6 Mathew W R, Kelly J. How to predict formation pressure and fracture gradient[J]. Oil and Gas Journal, 1967,65:92-106
7 Eaton B A. Graphical method predicts pressure world-wide[J]. World Oil,1972,182:51-56
8 云美厚.地震地层压力预测[J].石油地球物理勘探, 1996,31(4):575-586
9 Dutta N C. Geopressure prediction using seismic data: Current status and road ahead[J]. Geophysics, 2002, 67 (6) :2 012-2 041
10 Badri M A, Sayers C M, Awad R, at al. A feasibility study for pore-pressure prediction using seismic velocities in the offshore Nile Delta, Egypt[J]. The Leading Edge, 2000,19(10):1103-1108
11 Lee S, Shaw J, Ho R, et al. Illuminating the shadows: Tomography, attenuation, and pore-pressure processing in the South Caspian Sea[J]. The Leading Edge, 1998,17 (6): 777-782
12 Caudron A, Gullco R. Pressure estimation in a structurally complex regime: A case study from Macuspana Basin, Mexico[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Internal SEG Mtg,2003,532-535
13 Hall S A, MacBeth C, Stammeijer J, et al. Time-lapse seismic analysis of pressure depletion in the Southern Gas Basin[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual In-ternat SEG Mtg,2003,359-362
14 Ebron D, Heppard P, Mueller M, et al. Pore pressure prediction from S-wave, C-wave, and P-wave ve-locities[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Inter-nat SEG Mtg,2003,426-429
15 Weathers L, LeRoy S, Lunen E V. AVO models in geopressure seting-deep Gulf of Mexico shelf [J]. Expanded Abstracts of 73rd Annual Internal SEG Mtg, 2003,611-614
16 Lopez J L, Rappold P M. Integrated shared earth model:3D pore-pressure prediction and uncertainty a-nalysis[J]. The Leading Edge, 2004,23(1) :52-59
17 Smythe J, Docherty P, Loren D, et al. How to estimate pore pressure from seismic velocities [J]. World Oil, 2003,224(4) :53-56
18 Sayers C M, Woodward M J, Bartman R C. Predrill pore-pressure prediction using 4 - C seismic data[J]. The Leading Edge,2001,20(9) :1 056-1 059
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