概论汶川地震后我国建筑抗震设计标准的修订
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摘要
5·12汶川地震造成大量房屋建筑破坏,通过在地震区对各类建筑结构的震害调查与分析,总结经验教训,及时对我国建筑抗震设计规范开展了修订。介绍《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》(GB 50223—2008)和《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2001)(2008年版)修订的主要内容。《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》(GB 50223—2008)的修订主要包括:抗震设防分类的定义;提高中、小学校和医院以及人员密集场所等重点设防要求;增加地震避难场所和电子信息中心的重点设防要求。《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011—2001)(2008年版)的修订主要包括:对四川、陕西、甘肃三省设防烈度的调整;关于山区场地边坡和建筑基础、建筑规则性、钢筋混凝土楼屋盖的整体性等抗震设计基本要求;关于楼梯间的计算和构造要求;非结构构件抗震设计要求;钢筋混凝土结构限制采用单跨框架的要求;提高农村房屋抗震性能要求等。以汶川地震典型的建筑震害为例,对地质灾害引起建筑破坏、多道抗震设防、规则性、连续倒塌、钢筋混凝土和砌体结构整体性、防震缝设置、砌体结构延性和楼梯间等抗震设计问题进行讨论,提供规范修订的背景资料。
Lots of damages and collapses of buildings occurred in the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on field survey and study of damages of different types of buildings,a prompt revision of seismic design codes of buildings has been carried out. The main revisions to "Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions GB 50223—2008" and "Code for seismic design of buildings GB 50011—2001" are summarized here. The definition of seismic fortification class for buildings has been renewed,the seismic class for buildings such as school,hospital and those with large occupancy has been enhanced in the seismic category,and the evacuation shelter and information center have been given a higher seismic class in the GB 50223—2008 code. Main issues in the revision of GB 50011—2001 include:(a) adjustment of the zoning intensity for provinces of Sichuan,Shanxi and Gansu,(b) basic conceptual design for retaining wall and foundation of buildings in the mountainous areas,(c) regulation of building configuration,(d) integration of masonry structure and pre-cast RC floor,(e) requirements of calculation and detailing for the stair shaft,and (f) limit on using single-bay RC frame structure. Some significant damages in epicenter areas are supplied here as a reference for discussions on the consequences of collapse,the importance of multiple defense systems and the integration of RC and masonry structures.
Lots of damages and collapses of buildings occurred in the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on field survey and study of damages of different types of buildings,a prompt revision of seismic design codes of buildings has been carried out. The main revisions to "Standard for classification of seismic protection of building constructions GB 50223—2008" and "Code for seismic design of buildings GB 50011—2001" are summarized here. The definition of seismic fortification class for buildings has been renewed,the seismic class for buildings such as school,hospital and those with large occupancy has been enhanced in the seismic category,and the evacuation shelter and information center have been given a higher seismic class in the GB 50223—2008 code. Main issues in the revision of GB 50011—2001 include:(a) adjustment of the zoning intensity for provinces of Sichuan,Shanxi and Gansu,(b) basic conceptual design for retaining wall and foundation of buildings in the mountainous areas,(c) regulation of building configuration,(d) integration of masonry structure and pre-cast RC floor,(e) requirements of calculation and detailing for the stair shaft,and (f) limit on using single-bay RC frame structure. Some significant damages in epicenter areas are supplied here as a reference for discussions on the consequences of collapse,the importance of multiple defense systems and the integration of RC and masonry structures.
引文
[1]GB50223—2008建筑工程抗震设防分类标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008(GB50223—2008Standard of classification of seismic protection of building constructions[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008(in Chinese))
[2]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2008年版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008(GB50011—2001Codefor Seismic Design of Buildings[S].2008Edition.Beijing:China Arehitecture&Building Press,2008(in Chinese))
[3]Wang Yayong.Lessons learned from the5.12Wenchuan Earthquake:evaluation of earthquake performance objectives and the importance of seismic conceptual design principles[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):255-262
[4]王亚勇,王言诃.汶川大地震建筑震害启示[J].建筑结构,2008,38(7):1-6
[5]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):20-25(Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake:seismic concept design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):20-25(in Chinese))
[6]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33(Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake:three earthquake performance objectives and basic requirements for seismic design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):26-33(in Chinese))
[2]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].2008年版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008(GB50011—2001Codefor Seismic Design of Buildings[S].2008Edition.Beijing:China Arehitecture&Building Press,2008(in Chinese))
[3]Wang Yayong.Lessons learned from the5.12Wenchuan Earthquake:evaluation of earthquake performance objectives and the importance of seismic conceptual design principles[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,7(3):255-262
[4]王亚勇,王言诃.汶川大地震建筑震害启示[J].建筑结构,2008,38(7):1-6
[5]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):20-25(Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake:seismic concept design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):20-25(in Chinese))
[6]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示———三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33(Wang Yayong.Lessons learnt from building damages in the Wenchuan Earthquake:three earthquake performance objectives and basic requirements for seismic design of buildings[J].Journal of Building Structures,2008,29(4):26-33(in Chinese))
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