琼东南盆地崖城组高分辨率层序地层格架与煤层形成特征
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摘要
在系统分析琼东南盆地钻井、岩心、测井、地震、古生物等资料的基础上,识别了崖城组含煤地层层序界面,并进行了崖城组高分辨率层序地层划分。崖城组含煤地层层序边界主要为不整合面、假整合面和下切谷面,界面上、下地层的岩性、岩相、测井特征、地震反射响应都有明显的差异。崖城组含煤地层可以划分为1个超长周期基准面旋回、3个长周期基准面旋回(LSC1、LSC2、LSC3)和至少12个中周期基准面旋回,短周期基准面旋回类型发育较全(A型、B型、C型),但个数变化较大。长、中周期基准面旋回分别可以在全盆地、次级凹陷内部对比,短周期基准面旋回可以在洼陷内对比。在LSC1中,煤层主要发育在海侵期和高水位期的辫状河三角洲平原泥炭沼泽中,具有层数多、单层厚度小及分布稳定性差的特征;在LSC2、LSC3中,煤层主要发育在海侵期潮坪的潮上带和潮间带上部泥炭沼泽中,其中LSC2煤层层数少、厚度相对较大、稳定性相对较好,而LSC3煤层特征与LSC1的相似。长周期基准面旋回中,海侵期发育的煤层多位于短周期上升半旋回或下降半旋回的底部,高水位期发育的煤层多位于短周期下降半旋回的顶部。
The data of well bores,cores,well logging,seismic and paleontology in Qiongdongnan Basin were systematically analyzed.The sequence boundaries of the coal-bearing strata in Yacheng Formation were distinguished,and the high-resolution strata sequence of Yacheng Formation were divided.The main sequence boundaries of the coal-bearing strata include the unconformable surface,disconformable surface or vertical erosion surface.The characteristics of lithology,lithofacies,logging and seismic reflection are very different in the upper and below the sequence boundaries.The coal-bearing strata of Yacheng Formation can be divided into one super-long-period cycle,three long-period cycles(LSC1,LSC2,LSC3)and at least twelve mid-period cycles.Three kinds of short-period cycles can be distinguished(Type A,Type B,Type C),but the numbers of them change quickly.The long-period cycles can be collated in the whole basin,the mid-period cycles can be collated in the secondary sag,and the short-period cycles would be collated in the low-lying areas.In the TST and HST periods of the LSC1,coal beds deposited in the peat swamp of braided channel delta plain are characterized by great number of coal bed,thin thickness of single coal bed and unstable distribution.The coal beds in the LSC2 and LSC3 are mainly deposited in the peat swamp of epilittoral zone and the upper eulittoral zone.The LSC2 has less number of coal beds and thicker single coal bed than the LSC1.The LSC3 has the similar characteristics of coal beds to the LSC1.In the long-period cycle,the coal beds developed in the TST period are mostly located at the top of rising hemicycle or descending hemicycle in the short-period cycle.The coal beds developed in the HST period are located at the top of descending hemicycle in the short-period cycle.
The data of well bores,cores,well logging,seismic and paleontology in Qiongdongnan Basin were systematically analyzed.The sequence boundaries of the coal-bearing strata in Yacheng Formation were distinguished,and the high-resolution strata sequence of Yacheng Formation were divided.The main sequence boundaries of the coal-bearing strata include the unconformable surface,disconformable surface or vertical erosion surface.The characteristics of lithology,lithofacies,logging and seismic reflection are very different in the upper and below the sequence boundaries.The coal-bearing strata of Yacheng Formation can be divided into one super-long-period cycle,three long-period cycles(LSC1,LSC2,LSC3)and at least twelve mid-period cycles.Three kinds of short-period cycles can be distinguished(Type A,Type B,Type C),but the numbers of them change quickly.The long-period cycles can be collated in the whole basin,the mid-period cycles can be collated in the secondary sag,and the short-period cycles would be collated in the low-lying areas.In the TST and HST periods of the LSC1,coal beds deposited in the peat swamp of braided channel delta plain are characterized by great number of coal bed,thin thickness of single coal bed and unstable distribution.The coal beds in the LSC2 and LSC3 are mainly deposited in the peat swamp of epilittoral zone and the upper eulittoral zone.The LSC2 has less number of coal beds and thicker single coal bed than the LSC1.The LSC3 has the similar characteristics of coal beds to the LSC1.In the long-period cycle,the coal beds developed in the TST period are mostly located at the top of rising hemicycle or descending hemicycle in the short-period cycle.The coal beds developed in the HST period are located at the top of descending hemicycle in the short-period cycle.
引文
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[3]何家雄,陈伟煌,李明兴.莺—琼盆地天然气成因类型及气源剖析[J].中国海上油气(地质),2000,14(6):33-40.He Jiaxiong,Chen Weihuang,Li Mingxing.Genetic types of nat-ural gas and source rock in Ying-Qiong Basin[J].China OffshoreOil and Gas(Geology),2000,14(6):33-40.
[4]李绪宣,刘宝明,赵俊青.琼东南盆地古近纪层序结构、充填样式及生烃潜力[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(4):217-223.Li Xuxuan,Liu Baoming,Zhao Junqing.Paleogene sequence con-figuration,depositional filling pattern and hydrocarbon-genera-tion potential in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Ghina Offshore Oil andGas,2007,19(4):217-223.
[5]朱伟林,张功成,杨少坤,等.南海北部大陆边缘盆地天然气地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:43-47.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Yang Shaokun,et al.Natural gasgeology in the northern continental margin basin of South ChinaSea[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2007:43-47.
[6]严德天,王华,王清晨.中国东部第三系典型断陷盆地幕式构造旋回及层序地层特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(2):185-190.Yan Detian,Wang Hua,Wang Qingchen.Episodic tectonic cyclesand sequence pattern of the Tertiary rifted basins of East China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(2):185-190.
[7]王家豪,王华,肖敦清,等.陆相伸展性盆地二级层序的厘定[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):869-875.Wang Jiahao,Wang Hua,Xiao Dunqing,et al.Determination ofsecond-order stratigraphic sequences in continental extensionalbasins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):869-875.
[8]余继峰,李增学.测井数据小波变换及其地质意义[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(3):336-339.Yu Jifeng,Li Zengxue.Wavelet transform of logging data and itsgeological significance[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2003,32(3):336-339.
[9]米立军,张功成,沈怀磊,等.珠江口盆地深水区白云凹陷始新统—下渐新统沉积特征[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):29-34.Mi Lijun,Zhang Gongcheng,Shen Huailei,et al.Eocene-LowerOligocene sedimentation characteristics of Baiyun Sag in the deepwater area of Pearl River Mouth Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sincia,2008,29(1):29-34.
[10]朱伟林,张功成,高乐.南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向[J].石油学报,2008,29(1):1-9.Zhu Weilin,Zhang Gongcheng,Gao Le.Geological characteristicsand exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern conti-nental margin basin of South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(1):1-9.
[11]魏魁生,崔旱云,叶淑芬,等.琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2001,26(1):59-66.Wei Kuisheng,Cui Hanyun,Ye Shufen,et al.High-precision se-quence stratigraphy in Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2001,26(1):59-66.
[12]杜振川,丁述理,魏魁生.琼东南盆地第三纪高分辨率层序地层划分特征[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报:自然科学版,2002,21(6):709-712.Du Zhenchuan,Ding Shuli,Wei Kuisheng.High-resolution se-quence division and its petroleugeological significance in TertiaryPeriod of Qiongdongnan Basin[J].Journal of Liaoning TechnicalUniversity:Natural Science Edition,2002,21(6):709-712.
[13]袁新涛,沈平平.高分辨率层序框架内小层综合对比方法[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):87-91.Yuan Xintao,Shen Pingping.Continental strata correlation ofhigh-resolution sequence in reservoir development phase[J].Ac-ta Petrolei Sinica,2007,28(6):87-91.
[14]李增学,魏久传,余继峰,等.煤地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,2009:187-219.Li Zengxue,Wei Jiuchuan,Yu Jifeng,et al.Coal geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:187-219.
[15]中国煤炭地质总局.中国聚煤作用系统分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001:26-145.China National Administration of Coal Geology.Analysis of coalaccumulation system in China[M].Xuzhou:China University ofMining and Technology Publishing House,2001:26-145.
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